The Marxist theory of historical materialism claims society as fundamentally determined by the material conditions at any given time - this means the relationships which people enter into with one another in order to fulfill their basic needs‚ for instance to feed and clothe themselves and their families.[1] In general Marx and Engels claimed to have identified five successive stages of the development of these material conditions in Western Europe.[2] Marx saw history as a series of "inevitable" stages:
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process: Revocation of citizenship and expulsion of citizens International norms Recommendations 1 2 3 5 5 7 8 9 10 International norms on citizenship The right to a nationality State succession and citizenship Discrimination and arbitrary deprivation of citizenship Due process in relation to expulsion The jurisprudence of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights 18 18 21 23 25 25 Citizenship under colonial rule The basis of citizenship law today Right to a nationality Citizenship
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Critically discuss Foucault’s notion of power and knowledge? Michel Foucault is the one of the first contemporary social theorists. Born in France‚ he was‚ like most sociologists of his time‚ involved when students heavily revolted against the people in power in May 1968.He was not only a sociologist‚ but also worked in a range of fields: history‚ philosophy and psychology. His key works include Madness and Civilisation (1961)‚ The Order of Things (1966)‚ Discipline and Punishment (1975) and
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Critically discuss the contribution of positivism to the study of society The positivist research method in the social sciences become more influential by August Comte‚ who tended to build a methodology based on facts rather than speculation. For Comte‚ the social sciences should concentrate on scientific laws rather than contemplation (Marcuse‚ 1941‚ p. 345). This theoretical perspective continues to be the present method of conducting research. This essay argues that positivism has accelerated
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Maternal Deprivation is a catch- phrase summarizing the work of psychiatrist John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or mother substitute) John Bowlbys lifetime work was based around studying childhood through Developmental Psychology. Bowlby believed that there are enormous psychological consequences for a child who has experienced separation from its maternal figure‚ which he concluded in his “Thieves study” Bowlbys theory of monotropy led to the
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Crime Reporting and Rate Responses CJS 200 2013 Crime Reporting and Rate Responses The purpose of major crime-reporting programs is to collect data about crime statistics and these statistics help with multiple other reasons for crime reporting. The statistics provide information about when and where crime is at a higher rate‚ including the type of crime and occurrences. This type of information is important to the development of new strategies to prevent and control crime; as well as where
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Response Paper to “Crime and Punishment” The two sharply contrasted settings in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky are symbolic of how turbulent Raskolinikov’s mind becomes after he murders Alyona Ivanov. In the bustling and disgusting Saint Petersburg‚ Raskolinikov has to suddenly battle the guilt that comes with Alyona’s demise yet once Raskolinikov confesses to his crime and serves his sentence in the lonely and removed Siberia; his mind relaxes. Similar to The Stranger‚ most of Crime
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Literature Review of Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation is a pattern of sleeping where an individual fails to get enough sleep during the night. On average‚ adults need seven to eight hours‚ were teens and children need an average of nine hours of sleep to feel well rested (1). Numerous literatures expand on the topic of sleep deprivation and the effects it has on the human body. This literature can be divided into three parts: 1) studies that show how sleep deprivation causes changes in learning
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Critically examine the claim by states to be the legitimate governing authority in a territory. This essay will first define ’the State ’‚ and then look at evidence to examine the above claim. The state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules and laws that govern the people within a defined territory. Max Weber‚ cited in “Exploring Social Lives”‚ defined the state as claiming “a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory”‚ (Bromley
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to the study performed by Catherine Marcum‚ Carly Hilinski-Rosick and Tina Freiburger‚ certain factors in both the deprivation and importation models can influence an inmate’s tendency to violate prison rules. However‚ the model that I believe that seems to make the most logical sense is the deprivation model. Deprivation theory suggests that inmate socialization was a specific response to the losses suffered while an individual was imprisoned (Sykes‚ 1958). In other words‚ it argues that prison life
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