In this essay I aim to describe two theories (Equity Theory and Social exchange theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling‚ noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory about fairness. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity: Theory and Research (Walster‚ Walster‚ and Berscheid 1978). The
Premium Interpersonal relationship Social exchange theory Exchange
Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behavior that are relevant to the practice of management. Theory X represents a negative view of human nature that assumes individuals generally dislike work‚ are irresponsible‚ and require close supervision to do their jobs. Theory Y denotes a positive view of human nature and assumes individuals are generally industrious‚ creative‚ and able to assume responsibility and exercise self-control in their jobs. One would
Premium Management Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Discuss two social psychological theories of aggression (24 marks) One social psychological theory of aggression is social learning theory. SLT argues that like all behaviour‚ aggression is learned through both direct and indirect reinforcement. Behaviour which is reinforced‚ be that positively or negatively – positive reinforcement occurs when the behaviour causes desired outcomes‚ negative reinforcement occurs when the behaviour causes undesirable outcomes - is more likely to be learned and repeated
Premium Psychology Behavior Aggression
dispute around his model called "rational system" theory was tremendously raised by considering famous studies of sociologists following the opposite system known as "natural" or human relation school. This essay will therefore critically evaluate Weber’s Understanding of Bureaucracy through the aspect of Weber’s ideal types that reflect the structures of bureaucracy‚ the growth of bureaucracy or bureaucratization‚ and the effects of bureaucracy on individual and end with an application of Vietnamese bureaucracy
Premium Bureaucracy Max Weber
Psychoanalytic‚ Neoanalytic‚ Jungian‚ and Individual Psychology Theory � Nowadays‚ people begin to understand that the knowledge of human psychology plays a great role in the everyday life. It means that basic understanding of different psychological concepts gives a key to the apprehension of the inner world of every person. Today‚ there are many theories that help to determine the personality of every client and find solutions for every problem. One of such theories is the psychoanalysis. It lies in
Premium Psychology Carl Jung Sigmund Freud
and critically evaluating three of the following analytical processes with respect to the three mobile phone manufacturers‚ Microsoft Nokia‚ Samsung and Apple. Your analysis can be applied to one‚ two or a combination of all three organisations. You are required to select and evaluate any three from the following: Yip’s Drivers of Internationalisation‚ Johnson’s Culture Web‚ Porter’s Diamond‚ Bowman’s Strategy Clock‚ Porter’s Generic Strategies and McKinsey’s 7-S Framework. Understanding and using
Premium Strategic management Market Porter generic strategies
Defining the difference between personal values and personal beliefs Personal beliefs are statements‚ principles or doctrines that individuals choose to accept as true. While others may argue their credibility‚ if an individual genuinely believes in a cause or a feeling‚ it can be credited as a personal belief. Personal values differ‚ in that they are more of a measurable discipline. They really have nothing to do with outside influences. While personal values are definitely woven into
Premium Belief Philosophy of life Idea
1. We selected Florence Nightingale’s Environmental theory. Florence. Nightingale’s theory helped in the development of modern nursing. She was the one who observed the effect of surroundings on healing of mind and body. Her philosophy was that nature helps in curing the sick. In the development of modern nursing and nursing education Florence Nightingale has played an important role. She was born on May 12‚ 1820 in Italy. Her parents were wealthy and they did not like her joining the nursing. Nightingale
Premium Nursing Crimean War Florence Nightingale
Discuss how a) expectancy theory and b) equity theory can explain motivation at work. Motivation is the cognitive decision-making process through which goal-directed behavior is initiated‚ energized‚ directed‚ and maintained (Buchanan & Huczynski‚ 2010‚ p. 267) There are two types of theories that attempt to explain motivation at work – process theories and content theories. Content theories of motivation focus on goals that motivate employees while process theories focus on how employees
Free Motivation Theory Psychology
Discuss Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development (8+16) Vygotsky proposed that children’s development is affected by their culture and social interaction. He also suggested that children are not born with knowledge but they gain it through their social interactions with peers and adults; he does not rule out the importance of biological processes but proposes an interdependent relationship between biological development alongside social activity and cultural interaction. Since language is
Premium Lev Vygotsky Developmental psychology Zone of proximal development