English 441 New Criticism Explained Beginning in the 1920’s and coalescing in the 1940’s‚ an interpretative approach emerged that did not define literature as essentially the self-expressive product of the artist nor as an evaluative reflection or illumination of cultural history. These "New Critics" opposed the traditional critical practice of using historical or biographical data to interpret literature. Rather‚ they focused on the literary work as an autotelic (self-contained) object. The New
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Biographical Criticism Upon reading the opening of Langston Hughes poem‚ I recognized that there was a lot going on. It can be first noticed that this is an assignment given to him by his English instructor at his college. There is evidence that Langston started his homework immediately. This fact suggests that the assignment not only motivated him to write‚ but it caused him to think. The result is a path of reflection and opinions‚ which leads to an eye-opener of truth that everyone is
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Richard L. W. Clarke LITS2306 Notes 05A 1 MATTHEW ARNOLD “THE FUNCTION OF CRITICISM AT THE PRESENT TIME” (1864) Arnold‚ Matthew. “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.” Critical Theory Since Plato. Ed. Hazard Adams. New York: Harcourt‚ Brace‚ Jovanovich‚ 1971. 592-603. Pragmatic theorists from Plato onwards have emphasised the impact which literature has on the reader. Here‚ Arnold‚ arguably England’s most important cultural critic in the second half of the nineteenth century and someone
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Sula’s Friend In Sula‚ Toni Morrison addresses the differing influence of a person’s surroundings on their overall character. Morrison shaped the environment of Nel in order to show how she had the potential to grow‚ but was limited by the environment she was in. Her aspirations arose in spite of prejudice. Morrison used Nel to represent the entire band of black women who are limited by the norm. Even though Nel had dreams to alter her circumstances‚ she was confined to a stereotypical role by her
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Film Criticism Lee R. Bobker affirms that there are six rudiments that film criticism should involve to be effectual: 1. Theme of film 2. Quality of technical execution 3. Quality and nature of ideas in the film 4. Validity of ideas in the film 5. Individual contributions 6. Relationship of the film to other works by the same filmmaker Each of these essentials must be satisfied or the film criticism will lack its effectiveness. A true critic realizes the importance that they hold
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137). The book Methods of Rhetorical Criticism: A Twentieth-Century Perspective elaborates on the idea of generic criticism. Rhetorician Lloyd F. Bitzer‚ described generic criticism as “a complex of persons‚ events‚ objects‚ and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed discourse introduced into the situation
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Ecotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is responsible travel to fragile‚ pristine‚ and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It purports to educate the traveller; provide funds for conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism is held as important by those who participate in it so that future generations may experience
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evidence that certain events could happen in order for statements to be significant and often times in metaphysics they were not. While many could argue that the verification principle excelled at critiquing metaphysical claims there are several criticisms that could come with is handling of religious and ethical
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------------------------------------------------- Biographical Criticism Biographical criticism is the idea that knowing an author’s experiences can help the reader to interpret and understand the author’s text. Biographical critics believe it’s essential to be aware of the time period and events at the time of the writing‚ and this will help them understand the work. By understanding what time period that the author was raised in‚ the audience‚ who has to have a common knowledge about general
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Literary Criticism What comes to your mind when you hear the word “criticism”? Nowadays‚ most people look at criticism as something negative and personally‚ it has a negative connotation to me. Multimedia (for example‚ television‚ radio‚ etc.) has often depicted criticism as an antagonist. On reality TV shows‚ say‚ a singing competition‚ there is usually a panel of judges who criticize the contestants ’ performances particularly focusing on its fine points and flaws (more on the latter) and the
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