opinion‚ is a unique system of values and norms that are believed by a group of people who live in the same society. Since culture is unique‚ Geert Hofstede tried to study the differences. After the study‚ he proposed five dimensions to measure the cultural difference between nations. The following parts will explain Hofstede Framework briefly. The first dimension is Power Distance. It is a tool to measure the power difference between levels in organization. In a group with high power distance‚ the
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Woods Morgan Bugher/English 111 34-E Final Draft Essay 01 April 2013 Cultural differences: American-Korean background The life of this American-Korean young woman made her more knowledgeable of her background. Caroline Hwang is the author of “The Good Daughter‚” she is an inspiring writer for all women. Hwang has an MFA in creative writing from the University of New York‚ which lead her to become the senior editor at Good Housekeeping. In Hwang ’s article “The Good Daughter‚” uses ethos
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talk the "same" language. When the languages are different‚ and translation has to be used to communicate‚ the potential for misunderstandings increases. Stella Ting-Toomey describes three ways in which culture interferes with effective cross-cultural understanding. First is what she calls "cognitive constraints." These are the frames of reference or world views that provide a backdrop that all new information is compared to or inserted into. Second are "behavior constraints." Each culture
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stereotypes‚ and it is predicted behavior on this basis. Thus‚ stereotypes play a very important role - in communications‚ in general‚ and in the process of intercultural contacts. 1. Meaning of stereotypes for cross-cultural communication Analysis of the role stereotypes in intercultural communication reveals their importance in the interaction and mutual understanding of cultures. Two approaches are developed in a result of research. The first one can be called "academic"
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Business Negotiation: A Cross Cultural Perspective from Collectivism and Individualism Introduction Business negotiation can be defined as "a process in which two or more entities come together to discuss common and conflicting interests in order to reach an agreement of mutual benefit" (Harris and Moran‚ 1987‚ p.55). As we know the international business negotiations are significantly increased accompany with the ever-increasing interdependent relationships due to globalization. According to
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hospitality industry is a large industry where cross cultural incidents are always an issue. A comparative study between Chinese and American culture will be made in social and business context followed by a theoretical approach using cultural dimensions to explain the differences among the cultures. The results will be used to suggest and recommend methods to overcome cultural conflicts and tensions Contents 1.0 Background 2 2.0 Introduction 3 3.0 Cultural awareness for tourism and hospitality 4 4
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Cross-Cultural Conflicts in the Corning-Vitro Joint Venture Corning Inc. is a US company that has a record of some 40 successful global joint ventures over the course of 73 years. Their success rate in joint ventures is over 80 percent which is well above the 50 percent average for successful foreign and national alliances. Through their years of success and experience‚ their formula for determining whether to partner with another organization boiled down to two factors. First‚ will the
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Assess Rachels’ critique of the main argument for normative cultural relativism (NCR)‚ i.e.‚ the Cultural Differences Argument. How might a proponent of NCR respond to Rachels critique? Is the response effective? Why or why not? In this essay‚ I will discuss James Rachels’ article “The Challenge of Cultural Relativism”‚ in which he criticizes the normative cultural relativism argument which is about how different cultures have different moral codes‚ thus there is no single
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Monash University English Language Center English Language Bridging Program Diploma 2 Research Essay “Evaluate The Importance of Cross-Cultural Studies for Managers” Student : Galih Ardisatria Student ID : 23006773 Teachers : Jonathan Steven Date of submission : 27 September 2010 Word Count :
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formula developed by Kogut and Singh in 1988 in the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS)? Explain the formula in your own words. In the formula CD means the culture difference between two countries. Iij is the country score in a certain cultural dimension. Vi is the Variance of the score of one of the 4 dimensions. If this formula is filled in‚ the CD between 2 countries will come out. 2. What is the difference between mean and variance? Can you explain the example given in the lecture
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