Billions of years ago planet Earth did not look like it does today‚ it was covered in lava and volcanoes. There was no possible way that life could exist on the planet. However‚ eventually the planet started cooling down; huge amounts of steam rose causing clouds. Then the clouds rained. One thousand years of continuous raining caused oceans which made earth like it is today. Planet Earth‚ also known as the blue planet‚ has oceans covering three quarters of the Earth’s surface. Oceans have a
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they do emerge in islands such as Iceland‚ forming volcanoes such as Heimaey and Surtsey. Volcanoes at constructive margins tend to erupt relatively gently as gases can easily escape from the basalt lava which is at extremely high temperatures and very free-flowing. The main hazards are therefrom from lava flows such as that at Heimaey in 1972. Destructive boundaries occur where two plates are moving towards each other. Where two crusts are moving towards each other‚ the denser crust(eg. the oceanic
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The causes of tectonic plate movement and how different processes have shaped New Zealand’s landforms occur nearly every single day. In fact one of these processes is happening right now‚ somewhere on the Earth. The 3 major processes are folding‚ faulting and volcanism. While these take place‚ another “force” is also acting‚ changing the shape of our continents‚ and Earth itself‚ the tectonic plate movement. Earth’s outer shell‚ long thought to be a continuous‚ unbroken‚ crust is actually a fluid
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1644?‚ 1641‚ 1640?‚ 1557‚ 1534 7. Type of volcano (shield‚ cinder cone‚ composite or strato volcano). - Stratovolcano (active). o A stratovolcano‚ also called a composite volcano‚ is a tall‚ conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava‚ tephra‚ and volcanic ash. These kinds of volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic‚ explosive eruptions. 8. Composition of the igneous rock or magma (andesitic‚ basaltic‚ etc.) - The source magma of this volcano is classified
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field can be studied by past lava eruptions that have hardened. "When grains of the common magnetic mineral magnetite in volcanic lava or ash flows cool below its Curie point of 570°C (1060°F)‚ the magnetic domains partly align themselves in the direction of the earth’s magnetic field at that time. Once the rock has fully cooled‚ the magnetite’s alignment is fixed‚" (Sarfati). The Curie point of a substance is the temperature at which it loses its magnetism‚ so the lava must cool below this point
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This reduces the scientists’ credibility in the eyes of government and local people‚ and can cause problems the next time an eruption seems likely. 7. Prediction‚ forecasts and reactions - Active volcanoes all over the world are monitored using a vast array of scientific equipment. Satellites look for infrared radiation that indicates rising magma and ground instruments measure gas emissions‚ ground deformation and resulting earthquake activity. - Geologists use evidence from past eruptions
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Pacific Northwest of the United States within Washington State. A stratovolcano is also known as a composite cone‚ which is “a large symmetrical structure that consists of alternating layers of explosively erupted cinders and ash interspersed with lava flows (Lutgens‚ 2012.)” Due to the cone shape of the volcano‚ stratovolcanoes are known for creating large explosive eruptions that can eject vast amounts of pyroclastic material. Mount St. Helens is a part of the Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire that spans
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two plates that are responsible for this are the Nubian and the Somalian plates. Considering this is an active volcano‚ it does produce slow moving magma. The volcano doesn’t have a huge eruption it is small and builds up in the crater and causes a lava lake. The volcano we modeled was relatively small. We were able to keep the volcano model small because of it. We used installation foam to form the volcano and the topography around it. Considering the area is a desert and has no vegetation
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contain abnormally hot rock inside the Earth. Known as mantle plumes‚ these hotspots are found at a number of locations around the globe with the most notable being in Hawaii. * Hot liquid rock under the Earth’s surface is known as magma‚ it is called lava after it comes out of a volcano. * Some famous volcanic eruptions of modern times include Mount Krakatoa in 1883‚ Novarupta in 1912‚ Mount St Helens in 1980 and Mt Pinatubo in 1991. * While we certainly have some big volcanoes here on Earth‚ the
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Geological Hazards Plate Tectonics- Theory Alfred Wegener Crust- Solid Mantle- Liquid Outer Core- Liquid Inner Core- Solid (Too much pressure for it to be liquid. Doesn’t have the space to expand.) Convections cells- Due to the pressure in the earth’s core‚ when it heats up the pressure causes the heat to push against the earth’s mantle‚ triggering it to move‚ caused by convection currents. Convection Currents- it’s a concept of what causes the plate tectonics to move. http://www.scotese
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