be beneficial to a country for the following reasons. First‚ exporters and importers could engage in international trade without concern about exchange rate movements of the currency to which their local currency is linked. Any firms that accept the foreign currency as payment would be insulated from the risk that the currency could depreciate over time Advantages of Fixed Exchange Rates to MNCs. In a fixed exchange rate environment‚ MNCs may be able to engage in international trade‚ direct foreign
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SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS I. Economics You have just been transferred to Sydney and cover Australia and New Zealand on the sovereign research desk. Australia and New Zealand operate under a free trade agreement. No barriers to trade exist‚ and both currencies float. In this environment‚ an increase in expected inflation in New Zealand would most likely cause what effect? Choose One Answer o o o An increase in exports from New Zealand to Australia An increase in imports to New Zealand from Australia
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CPA REVIEWS NOTES- INTERNATIONAL FINANCE TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Learning objectives After reading this topic you should be able to: • • • • • • Understand the background of international finance Define international finance Explain the reason for studying international finance Explain the roles of international financial manager Understand the background of multinational corporations Distinguish between international finance and domestic finance 1.1 BACKGROUND TO INTERNATIONAL
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Readings and Framework SS 4 ¾ R14 Currency exchange rate: determination and forecasting ¾ R15 Economic Growth and investment decision ¾ R16 Economics of Regulation 4-94 91 100% Contribution Breeds Professionalism Economics for Valuation Reading 14: Currency exchange rate: determination and forecasting 5-94 91 100% Contribution Breeds Professionalism R14. Currency Exchange Rates Warm-up ¾ Exchange rate is simply the price or cost of units of one currency in terms of another. ¾ Nominal exchange
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ramifications of the great depression and the concentration of power among a few major economies. Moreover‚ during the period of the Great depression‚ the economies engaged in the so called “beggar thy neighbor” policies i.e. competitive devaluation of the currencies by various economies in order to substitute imports with domestic goods and increase the competitiveness of the exports in the international markets. In addition‚ a number of countries also imposed trade barriers‚ restricting the recovery of international
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to hold down the value of the yuan because the Chinese government believes that the appreciation of their currency can cause serious challenges to its export industry‚ as the price of the exported goods will increase causing the demand for Chinese goods worldwide to weaken and eventually causing serious unemployment in the country. The most obvious sign that China is pursuing a weak currency policy is shown by the Chinese Central Bank had been maintaining a fixed exchange rate for years. Now China’s
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monetary and financial policies today. Chartalist will intend to favour a centralised‚ highly regulated system whereas commodity money view person will advocate monetary diversity and market solutions. Q2) How are the form and value of currencies determined? Currency is a system of ‘money’ in general use in a particular country. Money is first and foremost a means of exchange – if an entity fails to
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long term or short term position; it is known tow as a currency risk. The Foreign exchange risk is the effect caused by the currencies fluctuation that will affect the business personality. Big companies like Boeing have operation all around the globe these operations will exposes Boeing to the Foreign exchange risk. This risk is created by the cash inflow of the operations maid by Boeing in different countries due to the difference in currency or production costs. As Boeing is one of the US companies
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Chapter 12 – Operating Exposure Strategies for the management of operating exposure emphasize the structuring of firm operations in order to create matching streams of cash flows by currency. This is termed natural hedging. Expected versus Unexpected Changes in Cash Flows Operating exposure is far more important for the long run health of a business than changes caused by transaction or translation exposure. However‚ operating exposure is inevitably subjective because it depends on estimates
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deficits‚ fiscal deficit‚ and so on. Obviously‚ a current account deficit can be a very important factor because‚ other things being equal‚ it increases foreign debt‚ decreases foreign reserves‚ and weakens confidence in the exchange rate of the domestic currency. Almost all countries that suffered financial crises had faced rising current account deficits before the crises occurred. So such deficits are widely regarded as an important factor of financial crises. International trade links play an important role
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