operating and currency risk as much as possible‚ some measures must be taken to manage economic and operating exposure. Thus‚ the main body of this case study is divided into three parts. First‚ the currency exposure to be faced with is clarified as well as potential financial loss. Second‚ the available strategies in managing the operating and currency exposure are listed and the final choice is decided. Last‚ but not the least‚ all the potential strategies for managing the operating and currency exposure
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reserve currency standard and a gold standard. In general it includes the following rules. First‚ a reserve currency is chosen. All non-reserve countries agree to fix their exchange rates to the reserve at some announced rate. To maintain the fixity‚ these non-reserve countries will hold a stockpile of reserve currency assets. Second‚ the reserve currency country agrees to fix its currency value to a weight in gold. Finally‚ the reserve country agrees to exchange gold for its own currency with other
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Chapter 11 balance sheet hedge. Reducing foreign exchange (FX) exposure by varying the mix of a firm’s foreign currency assets and liabilities. Economic exposure. The effect of FX rate changes on a firm’s future costs and revenues. Exposure management. Structuring a company’s affairs to minimize the adverse effects of exchange rate changes on earnings. net exposed asset position. An excess of exposed assets over exposed liabilities (also called a positive exposure). net exposed liability position
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The purpose of this report is to determine whether the RMB was over or under valued against the three major currencies Us Dollar (USD) ‚ Japanese yen ‚ ( JPY) and the Euro (EUR). Data has been used between January 2005 and December 2012 . ANSWER TO QUESTION 1 Since the beginning of the economic reform process in 1979‚ the Chinese currency (yuan) was devalued on many occasions until 1994 when the two-tier foreign exchange system was ended. While the official rate of yuan had been maintained
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Throughout history‚ as the United States advanced from colonies under English rule to the dominant super power it is now‚ the U.S. currency has significantly changed as well. The currency of the United States can be traced back to 1690 when the country was still a hodgepodge of colonies. Before this time currency was done through the barter system; exchanging goods‚ foods‚ services‚ products‚ necessities for other foods and goods. Bartering was determined by the good of each individual making the
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foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate is significant because it’s the way a country exchanges one currency for another. It can also be referred to simply as an exchange rate. Foreign Currency Exchange is important because it determines the value of foreign investments. Importing and exporting is greatly affected in each country by the rate at which goods and supplies are sold. This in turn affects the country’s financial health and stability. At times when the currency value
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kept its currency trading on international currency markets within a narrow band around this target Currencies are no different than any other good; the exchange rate‚ or the “price” of one currency relative to another‚ is determined by supply relative to demand Two tools for propping up the value of the currency in the face of market pressure pushing it down: The government could use its reserves of other foreign currencies to buy their currency- directly boosting demand for the currency The government
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area‚ started in 1998 and consist of 17 countries: Austria‚ Belgium‚ Cyprus‚ Estonia‚ Finland‚ France‚ Germany‚ Greece‚ Ireland‚ Italy‚ Luxembourg‚ Malta‚ the Netherlands‚ Portugal‚ Slovakia‚ Slovenia‚ and Spain. The Eurozone have adopted the common currency call the Euro. The monetary policy of the Eurozone is control by the European Central Bank. When I think about Eurozone‚ I often think of a powerful union consist of many rich countries; and there is not likely chance of getting into financial crises
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Dollarization occurs when a country uses foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency as a medium of exchange within the domestic economy. This term may not only applied to usage of the US dollar‚ but generally to the use of any foreign currency as the national currency. There are two common indicators of dollarization. * The Amount of foreign currency deposits in the domestic banking system. * The Amount of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home
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Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency in the whole or some parts of currency function. Nowadays‚ dollarization has become popular all over the world. 2 Classification ← Official dollarization Official dollarization occurs when foreign currency is only legal currency in the economy. This means that foreign currency is not only used in legal contracts between private parties‚ but also
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