union with a common currency is likely the most credible exchange rate system. 8. How can a central bank peg the value of its currency relative to another currency? Answer: To peg the value of its currency to another currency‚ the government must make a market in the two currencies. If there is excess supply of the foreign currency (which is equivalent to excess demand for the domestic currency) that would drive down the domestic currency price of the foreign currency‚ the government must
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had generally financed company growth through securities denominated in the currency of business operations. More than 90% of borrowings are in Euro‚ and the remaining 10% - in other currencies (US dollars‚ Argentine peso‚ Swiss franc‚ etc.). Foreign currency exposure was generally hedged through currency-forward contracts. Now Carrefour needs to borrow EUR 750 million. The Carrefour management has to decide in which currency the company should borrow‚ and if all of the borrowing should be via bond
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abandoned a fixed currency system and using the modern floating currency/exchange model in an attempt to regulate markets in the newly developed foreign market economy. But what effects‚ both positive and negative have there been in the adoption of a floating model compared to a fixed model? Is the global economy better off or worse off by this implementation? To really be able to analyze the issue it is important to know the background of this switch from a fixed to floating currency system‚ who are
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Categories of Foreign Currency (FC) transaction and operation; FC Transaction : Local entity enters transaction with foreign entity using foreign currency Example: purchase or sale of products and payment in foreign currency. Lending or borrowing in foreign currency. FC operation: Local entity has branches‚ subsidiaries‚ associate or JV in foreign countries. The accounts are in foreign currency. Exchange exposure: the risk of exchange losses or gain from foreign currency transaction and operation
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Who is Right? Exchange Rate Regimes in Practice Pegged Exchange Rates Currency Boards CRISIS MANAGEMENT BY the imf Financial Crisis in the Post-Bretton Woods Era Mexican Currency Crisis of 1995 The Asian Crisis Evaluating the IMF’s Policy Prescriptions Country Focus: Turkey and the IMF FOCUS ON mANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Currency Management Business Strategy Management Focus: Airbus and the Euro Corporate
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Peso Depreciation Currency Depreciation - is the loss of value of a country’s currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies‚ typically in a floating exchange rate system. Currencies are not equal to one another in their value and thus purchasing power. Most but not all currencies‚ can and do experience changes in their values compared to other currencies‚ this being called appreciation when their value increases and depreciation when their value decreases. Peso depreciation means
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virtual currency schemes are operating as Ponzi schemes‚ there is a high level of anonymity with regards to these virtual currency schemes and that there is only one regulator who oversees the system. The issue of Ponzi schemes are justified for virtual currency schemes such as ‘Bitcoin’ and ‘Linden Dollars’ but for different reasons. For ‘Bitcoin’ it greatly resembles a Ponzi scheme where people can convert real currency into Bitcoins but when they want to convert Bitcoins to currency they would
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Introduction Exchange rate is the price of a currency expressed in another currency‚ it is one of the most important determinants of a country’s relative level of economic health. Exchange rate directly affects the prices of goods in foreign trade and foreign assets prices in the internal market‚ and indirectly the price of goods for the domestic market. A higher currency makes a country’s exports more expensive and imports cheaper in foreign markets; a lower currency makes a country’s exports cheaper and
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operating and currency risk as much as possible‚ some measures must be taken to manage economic and operating exposure. Thus‚ the main body of this case study is divided into three parts. First‚ the currency exposure to be faced with is clarified as well as potential financial loss. Second‚ the available strategies in managing the operating and currency exposure are listed and the final choice is decided. Last‚ but not the least‚ all the potential strategies for managing the operating and currency exposure
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reserve currency standard and a gold standard. In general it includes the following rules. First‚ a reserve currency is chosen. All non-reserve countries agree to fix their exchange rates to the reserve at some announced rate. To maintain the fixity‚ these non-reserve countries will hold a stockpile of reserve currency assets. Second‚ the reserve currency country agrees to fix its currency value to a weight in gold. Finally‚ the reserve country agrees to exchange gold for its own currency with other
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