A curriculum is a “plan or program of all experiences which the learner encounters under the direction of a school” (Tanner and Tanner‚ 1995: 158). According to Gatawa (1990: 8)‚ it is “the totality of the experiences of children for which schools are responsible”. All this is in agreement with Sergiovanni and Starrat (1983)‚ who argue that curriculum is “that which a student is supposed to encounter‚ study‚ practice and master what the student learns”. For others such as Beach and Reinhatz (1989:
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SCHOOLING VOLUME 2‚ NUMBER 1‚ 2011 Curriculum Development: Deductive Models Fred C. Lunenburg Sam Houston State University ________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Three models are presented in this article: Tyler’s behavioral model‚ Beauchamp’s managerial model‚ and Saylor‚ Alexander‚ and Lewis’s administrative model. Models can assist curriculum developers to conceptualize the development process by pinpointing certain principles and procedures. The
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POWERFUL KNOWLEDGE IN THE CURRICULUM FOR EXCELLENCE Rick Instrell This is an expanded version of a paper delivered at the United Kingdom Literacy Association conference at the University of Chester on 15 July 2011. Abstract The Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) is the current Scottish curricular initiative for 3-18 year-olds. Although most educationists agree with its progressive goals‚ its documents have been criticised as being vague‚ anti-intellectual and ignorant of subject disciplines
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repository so it can be easily being shared with other campuses. They can also customize their calendar appearance to be visually compelling and dynamic web-based calendar for administrators‚ who do not have the resources to create their own‚ to have a design architecture consisting of a centralized event repository based on the event data model. This will provide calendar administrators more flexibility in maintaining
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[plural] and the earth” (Genesis 1:1‚ Holman Christian Study Bible). Therefore‚ as I need not belabor the obviousness of beginning‚ I will offer this as a point of agreement. This essay will promote the theory of Creation with an Intelligent Design as an explanation of how it all began. The Cause for Intelligent Design The Bible decrees that God was the intelligence that brought all that is into existence. This idea is reflected in church history as seen the writings of the “Fourth Lateran Council
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as typography‚ images‚ symbols‚ and colours—to convey a message to an audience. Sometimes graphic design is called “visual communications‚” a term that emphasizes its function of giving form—e.g.‚ the design of a book‚ advertisement‚ logo‚ or Web site—to information. An important part of the designer’s task is to combine visual and verbal elements into an ordered and effective whole. Graphic design is therefore a collaborative discipline: writers produce words and photographers and illustrators create
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February 21‚ 2013 Chapter 4 Essay 2 Job design is the analyzing of jobs to make them more efficient‚ improve the companies’ performance‚ and create job satisfaction. One of the four elements of job designs is to make sure the job aligns with the objectives of the company. Another element is making the equipment easier and safer for employees to use. They also want to make the job technology more efficient. The employee’s job satisfaction is the fourth element of job design. These four elements
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model was developed by Stufflebeam (1983) to evaluate curriculums through Context‚ Input‚ Process‚ and Product. The Context defines the operation within which the curriculum will be delivered. It determines the specific characteristics of the learners. Most importantly‚ it helps to establish a rationale for the determination of the curriculum objectives. In evaluation the context is used to define the environment relevant to the curriculum‚ describing the actual and intended conditions of the
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Experimental Complex Design By: Yolanda M Harper Instructor Marciea McMillian-Robinson Course Research Methods Date July 30‚ 2012 Experimental Complex Design An experiment involving an investigation of the effects of two or more independent variables‚ simultaneously‚ is referred to as a Complex Design. Two independent variables (IV)‚ and one dependable variable (DV)‚ constitutes the simplex complex design. The independent variable however‚ consists of two levels or conditions. The combination
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Curriculum Evaluation Assignment Curriculum is an important structure of an educational program‚ as it guides the learner and instructors throughout the courses’ components. Curricula incorporates a variety of elements‚ from the programs philosophy to outcomes desired to be met (Billings & Halstead‚ 2012). During this design process each faculty member works together to achieve the best curricula possible. The design process however‚ is just the beginning. As nursing as a profession grows and changes
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