classified into synthetic‚ nature-identical‚ inorganic‚ and natural colorants. Natural colorants for food are made from renewable sources. Most often‚ the colorants are extracted from plant material‚ but other sources such as insects‚ algae‚ cyanobacteria‚ and fungi are used as well. Natural colorants are usually extracted and concentrated using either water or lower alcohols for water-soluble pigments and organic solvents for lipophilic pigments. Legislation restricts which colorants are allowed
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Lake Erie The Walleye Capital of the world needs major help! Lake Erie was polluted in the 1960s and 1970s‚ it’s happening again and they need our help. As a result of the pollution Lake Erie contained high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. Since Lake Erie has such high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen it’s known as the “dead sea”. Factories cause some of the pollution; most of the pollution is caused from fertilizer on fields‚ agricultural runoff‚ and city sewer plants. “As a result of these
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There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photaosynthesis. Oxygenic photosynthesis is commonly occur in plants‚ algae and cyanobacteria (Vidyasagar 2015). For example‚ the plant used in this experiment‚ Elodea‚ is an oxygenating plant that used in freshwater aquarium carry out oxygenic photosynthesis (Candace Berkeley Development Coordinator 2016). During oxygenic photosynthesis
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Fibrobacteres–Chlorobi/Bacteroidetes (FCB group) Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia/Chlamydiae (PVC group) Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Synergistetes unknown/ungrouped Acidobacteria Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Dictyoglomi Thermodesulfobacteria Thermotogae Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/ ( listen); singular: bacterium) are a large domain of single-celled‚ prokaryote microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length‚ bacteria have
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those which had red blood and those that did not. Two-kingdom classification - In Linnaeus’ time Two Kingdom classification (Kingdom Plantae & Kingdom Animalia) was developed. Drawbacks of 2-kingdom classification Prokaryotes (Bacteria‚ cyanobacteria) and eukaryotes (fungi‚ mosses‚ ferns‚ gymnosperms and angiosperms) were included under ‘Plants’. It is based on the presence of cell wall. But prokaryotes and eukaryotes are widely differed in other characteristics. It included the unicellular
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Chapter 1: Geology is the science that studies the history of Earth and its life. Anthropogenic (human generated) activities such as fossil fuel combustion impacting Earth has led to the study of Earth as a series of systems (series of components that interact to produce a larger‚ more complex whole). Geology is the science that examines the evolution of the natural processes on Earth‚ the evolution of life and the evolution of these interactions and how they caused the earth to evolve towards its
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Around 4.6 billion years ago‚ our universe was born by accretion from the solar nebula known as the Big Bang. As the sun heated up‚ this orbiting matter accumulated and unavoidable mass of larger bodies collide to successively create protoplanets with its own gravitational pull. During this period‚ Earth was nothing but molten rock from the collision with other bodies and volcanoes‚ temperature reaching over 2‚000 fahrenheit. Not only that‚ but Earth then‚ would’ve been toxic to humans and modern
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the body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity is high and the atmosphere’s temperature is low. Earth’s atmosphere‚ which contains oxygen used by most organisms for respiration and carbon dioxide used by plants‚ algae and cyanobacteria forphotosynthesis‚ also protects living organisms from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet radiation. Its current composition is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleoatmosphere by living organisms. The term stellar
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from that life can grow. Then there’s Area 51 in Nevada‚ which has long-believed to be a base for various military cover-ups of alien life. NASA scientist Richard Hoover published a paper March 4‚ 2011‚ claiming to have found fossil evidence for cyanobacteria in carbonaceous meteorites from outer space. This caused reactions to be skeptical. Of course the media will over do the whole "aliens are coming to get us" theme. We don’t even know if
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photosynthetic bacteria are the cyanobacteria‚ which have minimal nutrient requirements. They use electrons from water and the energy of sunlight when they convert atmospheric CO2 into organic compounds—a process called carbon fixation. In the course of splitting water [in the overall reaction nH2O + nCO2 (CH2O)n + nO2]‚ they also liberate into the atmosphere the oxygen required for oxidative phosphorylation. As we see in this section‚ it is thought that the evolution of cyanobacteria from more primitive photosynthetic
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