Review paper. Catalysts analysis for MSW pyrolysis and gasification Tursunov Obida‚ Khairuddin Md Isaa‚ Dr. Ong Soon Ana aSchool of Environmental Engineering‚ University Malaysia Perlis UniMAP‚ Arau 02600‚ Perlis‚ Malaysia Abstract MSW pyrolysis and gasification are the possible alternative to the direct use of fossil fuel energy. MSW‚ a CO2 neutral source of renewable fuel‚ can contribute to the demand for heat‚ electricity and synthesis gas (syngas). Nevertheless‚ there are inefficiencies in
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Chem 230 Review Conformational analysis and cyclohexane conformations (Chpt 4): 1. Use a Newman projection‚ about the indicated bond‚ to draw the most stable conformer for the following compounds. (a) 3-methylpentane about the C2-C3 bond (b) 3‚3-dimethylhexane about the C3-C4 bond 2. Using what you know about conformational energetics of substituted cyclohexanes‚ predict which of the two decalin isomers (cis or trans) is more stable. Explain you reasoning. 3. The most stable form
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three different eluents‚ hexane‚ toluene‚ and acetone. The chromatography compared aniline‚ 2‚ 4-dinitrobromobenzene‚ and a sample from the mixture of the two reactants when the reaction first began to take place. Another thin layer chromatography used a product sample an hour after the reaction first began and the eluent that showed the best separation of molecules. Table of Rf Values Table of Rf Values | Aniline | Product | 2‚ 4-Dinitrobromobenzene | Toluene | 0.083 | 0.104 | 0.333 | 0.583
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Iodine Crystal Solvents: Distilled water Ethyl Alcohol Toluene Solutions Polar‚ Non-Polar or Ionic Attractive Forces NaCl + Distilled Water Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Distilled water Solvent-solvent NaCl + Ethyl Alcohol Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Ethyl Alcohol Solvent-solvent NaCl + Toluene Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Toluene Solvent-solvent Naphthalene + Distilled Water Solute Naphthalene
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washed following cutting until not more colour appeared in the wash water. Materials 1. Washed cylinders of beetroot (1 cm in diameter‚ 4 cm long) in distilled water 2. 3 x test tubes 3. 1 x test tube containing distilled water‚ cyclohexane and a cylinder of beetroot‚ labelled TT4. 4. Test tube rack 5. A bottle containing 8 ml distilled water 6. A bottle containing 8 ml 50% acetone 7. A bottle containing 8 ml 100% acetone 8. Permanent marker pen 9. 1x sheet
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mixed solution. 5. A mixture of ortho‚ meta‚ and para cresoles dissolved in cyclohexane may be analyzed spectrophotometrically because each exhibits an absorption in a region where absorption due to the other cresols is negligible. The absorption maxima occur at 752nm‚ 776nm‚ and 815nm for ortho‚ meta‚ and para cresols‚ respectively. To test the validity of Beer’s Law for solutions of cresols‚ each is made up in cyclohexane at a series of concentrations and the absorbances measured. Data obtained are
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Introduction to Alkane Nomenclature A. Determining the Priority of Functional Groups. What’s in a name? 3-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)-4‚4-dimethylnonane Too big a subject to cover on one sheet! This paper will focus on alkanes. Determining functional group priority will be the subject of a subsequent sheet. suffix http://masterorganicchemistry.com D. Applying the Lowest Locator Rule F. Dealing With Branched Substituents (the IUPAC Way) Number the chain from one end so as
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1 Turpentine oil 2 Phenol 3 Toluene 4 BF-3 Acetate 5 Soda Ash Recipe Sr no Raw material In kg 1 Turpentine oil (pinene ) 1455 2 Phenol (100%) 430 3 toluene 900 4 BF-3 acetate 50 5 Soda ash 2 Water for washing 2000 kg TOTAL 2837 YIELD 1925 KG Terpene Phenolic Resin (Polymerization Reaction). Turpentine Oil/ + Phenol + BF3 Catalyst +Toluene Pinene (on 100% basis)
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is to convert toluene to nitrotoluene through the process of aromatic nitration. This is done by electrophilic aromatic substitution. The aromatic organic compound‚ toluene‚ is reacted under mild conditions with an electrophile‚ the nitronium ion‚ resulting in a product of nitrotoluene. Failure to use mild conditions may result in polynitration. Different reaction conditions were studied to understand the effect of nitrating agent concentrations on the results. Initially‚ toluene is combined
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Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled‚ the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast‚ if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled‚ the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other‚ the benzene molecules in a droplet of
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