Alkene Synthesis from Alcohol: Preparation of Cyclohexene From Cyclohexanol 5/29/14 Abstract: A 42.89% yield cyclohexene was successfully synthesized from 10.0 mL cyclohexanol by unimolecular elimination (E1) through the dehydration of cyclohexanol and confirmed via a bromine test and the IR spectra. Introduction: Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have carbon–carbon double bonds and are one of the many functional groups in organic molecules. Alkenes are sp2 hybridized
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Indoor pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems in homes. Inadequate ventilation can increase indoor pollutant levels by not bringing in enough outdoor air to dilute emissions from indoor sources and by not carrying indoor air pollutants out of the home. High temperature and humidity levels can also increase concentrations of some pollutants. It is stated in “1)edugreen.teri” that Air pollutants consist of gaseous pollutants
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CHM1002 Synthesis of Benzanilide and Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate and the Identification of ‘Unknowns’ from Spectroscopic and Physical Properties James Lucas 10394308 23/11/12 Introduction In this series of practicals it was the aim to synthesise both Benzanilide and Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate. Benzanilide was synthesised using The Schotten Baumann reaction which takes a hydrogen atom from an amino group and substitutes it for an acyl group. For Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate
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+ 2ΔHθcH2 CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) 7. Which is exothermic bond making or bond breaking? Bond making exo 8. Give an example of an i. Alkane Butane C4H10 ii. Alkene Ethene C2H4 iii. Cycloalkane Cyclohexane C6H12 iv. Alcohol Ethanol C2H5OH v. Ether Methoxy methane CH3OCH3 9. What does an aromatic compound contain? Note all other compounds are aliphatic A benzene ring 10. Give examples of all 3 types of structural
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Benzene is a special case of conjugation that leads to an especially stable bonding arrangement. The benzene ring consists of six sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in a regular hexagon. Each carbon forms two σ-bonds with adjacent carbons‚ and a third σ-bond with a hydrogen atom. The 2p orbital on each atom is available for π-bonding. Interaction between the p orbitals on the six carbon atoms forms a conjugated system of π-electrons. Molecules with this bonding arrangement are called aromatic molecules
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...... ................................................................................................................ [2] (d) Hexane can be reformed to produce cyclohexane as one of the products. (i) Draw the structural formula of cyclohexane. [1] (ii) Write a balanced equation for the reforming of hexane into cyclohexane. [1] (iii) Suggest one reason why oil companies reform alkanes such as hexane. ..............................................................................
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a liquid (mobile phase) at high pressure. HPLC is historically divided into two different sub-classes based on the polarity of the mobile and stationary phases. Technique in which the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase (e.g. toluene as the mobile phase‚ silica as the stationary phase) is called normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) and the opposite (e.g. water-methanol mixture as the mobile phase and C18 = octadecylsilyl as
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! Isolation of the Components of BC Powder Introduction Aspirin‚ Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this‚ the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms‚ causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel
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recent months as demand continued to outpace supply. Global toluene prices also rose on the back of high benzene prices and continued strength in the xylene markets.” The 7% increase in benzene‚ a petrochemical used in packaging‚ various plastics‚ nylon and other textiles‚ was the largest of the seven components that make up the PGPI. The December average price of benzene was $1‚495/mt‚ up from a November average of $1‚398/mt. Toluene‚
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Title : The Beer-Lambert Law and Its Limitation Objective : 1. To determine the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing species. 2. To study the effects of molecular dissociation complex formation on the applicability of the Beer-Lambert Law. 3. To investigate the derivation and limitation of Beer-Lambert Law. Introduction: In optics‚ the Beer–Lambert law‚ also known as Beer ’s law‚ the Lambert–Beer law‚ or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law relates the absorption
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