DRAFT MANAGING LOCAL REVENUE IN INDONESIA Raksaka Mahi *) Prepared for: CAN DECENTRALIZATION HELP REBUILD INDONESIA? A Conference Sponsored by the International Studies Program‚ Andrew Young School of Policy Studies‚ Georgia State University‚ Atlanta May 1- 3‚ 2002 Introduction The role of local owned revenues had been very small for a long period of time. In the past‚ almost ninety percent of total district’s revenue came from central government transfers and subsidies. Moreover‚ those transfers
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actions are forbidden to the federal government and are reserved to state or local governments." "Decentralization...is the process of dispersing decision-making governance closer to the people and/or citizen. It includes the dispersal of administration or governance in sectors or areas like engineering‚ management science‚ political science‚ political economy‚ sociology and economics. Decentralization is also possible in the dispersal of population and employment. Law‚ science and technological advancements
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in a way that is similar to how it operates in the U.S. This is one of their limitations that needs to be overcome. Thus‚ there are no other options other than restructuring and decentralization. Decentralizing means that there will be an increase in number of Western Union offices. Hikmet Ersek‚ the VP of Europe‚ Middle East‚ Africa and South Asia division‚ wants to have more than 35 offices around the world as opposed to the current
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indicators model for zakat institution. Jurnal Pengurusan JAWHAR‚ 70-84 Anita Md Chapra‚ M.U. (2000). The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective. Leicester‚ U.K: The Islamic Foundation Faguet J.P (2000) Hankla C.R‚ (2008). When is Fiscal Decentralization Good for Governance?. The Journal of Federalism‚ 1-19 Hairunnizam Wahid and Radiah Abdul Kader (2010) Mohamed Dahan Abdul Latif (1998). Zakat management and administration in Malaysia. Seminar of zakat and Taxation‚ Universiti Islam Antarabangsa
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as number one. In 1956‚ Khrushchev gives a “secret speech” where he discussed Stalin’s crimes for the first time‚ starting a process called “de-Stalinization.” Khrushchev believes that the Soviet system has become too bureaucratic. He wanted decentralization. He abolished the tractor station‚ which were the centralizing mechanisms that gave the party/state control over the collected farms because the collected farms did not own their own machinery. It was a control mechanism. Ultimately‚ most of
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home market‚ which use profit center philosophy‚ to have full advantage of its economies of scales. Profit centers (individual companies) are measured on its own performance and needs. It is recognized that the profit centers are efficient for decentralization and that the organization can act relatively fast to local market. But this profit center philosophy made individual companies only think about its own objective‚ performance and benefit‚ not ABB Company as a whole. Because of every business
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of revenue‚ looking at possible explanatory factors such as financial policies‚ management systems‚ decentralization of local authorities and the link there is between revenue collection and expenditure (Smoke (1991). The primary hypothesis is that the challenges of revenue collection can be explained by a combination of factors including financial policies‚ management systems‚ decentralization of local authorities and the link there is between revenue and expenditure. The methodology this
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1 . What do you mean by Span of Control? Differentiate between narrow span of control and wide span of control. Describe the factors that influence the span of control. span of control is a span of supervision which depicts the number of employees that can be handled and controlled effectively by a single manager. According to this principle‚ a manager should be able to handle what number of employees under him should be decided. This decision can be taken by choosing either froma wide or narrow
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QMDS311-001 OPERATION MANAGEMENT a) Introduction The company that our group chose to study is City of Dreams Macau (COD)‚ which is located in Macau Cotai coherent highway. COD is a diversified entertainment resort‚ which contains a rich set of entertainment‚ grand hotel accommodation‚ international cuisine‚ internationally renowned brands as well as casino. Luckily‚ we found a manager in entertainment and progress department of this company to help us conduct an interview. The information
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Change and Continuity Over Time Essay Topic: Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1450 to the present Beginning Middle End |Trans-Saharan trade (gold‚ salt) brought Islamic ideas into |Slave trade ended in the 1860s‚ but Europeans continued to convert|Decolonization was aided by the weakened economic power of Europe‚| |sub-Saharan Africa from North Africa. |Africans into Christianity because of the "scramble" for
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