Simplex stop-and-wait protocol for a noisy channel Simplex stop-and-wait protocol for an error-free channel diagram explained 1. The Sender‚ which runs in the Data Link Layer of the source machine‚ fetch a packet from the Network Layer 2. An outbound frame is constructed 3. Sender remembers the next frame’s sequence number before entering the loop 4. The Sender then sends the frame to the Receiver a. Check: If timer is already running then
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DATA COMMUNICATIONS 10-1 Communication Basics Computer communications is at three levels – Application level – Computer level – Communication channel Protocol – Set of rules for communications – OSI Standard 10-2 OSI Reference Model Layer 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Name Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer Purpose Application-to-application communication Manage data representation
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0aecd800b1dbd.html. After you have reviewed the components of a catalyst switch‚ write a half-page summary describing four switch components and their importance. II. There are two primary methods of switching: layer 2 and layer 3 switching. Compare both switching methods. III. There are four steps necessary for a LAN design methodology to be effective. List and explain each step. IV. The headquarters
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This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented‚ with the exception of pagination. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS‚ ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 1 Vehicular Networking: A Survey and Tutorial on Requirements‚ Architectures‚ Challenges‚ Standards and Solutions Georgios Karagiannis‚ Onur Altintas‚ Eylem Ekici‚ Geert Heijenk‚ Boangoat Jarupan‚ Kenneth Lin‚ and Timothy Weil Abstract—Vehicular networking has significant potential
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in the background‚ will be the main changes. Some serious differences will be a new backup and disaster recovery plan. XYZ will now have a hot site facility. This means that in the event of a disaster‚ the location‚ back up programs‚ back up data‚ and logistical facilities will be ready for immediate use.
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system into smaller‚ more manageable parts known as layers. A layer is a grouping of functions that have similar purpose that either provide services to the layer above it or receives services from the layer below it. On which layer of the OSI model do WAN protocols operate? WANs are managed by the protocols that exist in level 2‚ the Data Link Layer‚ of the OSI model. What are some of these protocols? Connection-orientated WAN data link protocols‚ in addition to framing‚ detect and may
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| Function (if applicable) | Physical layer | Allows hardware to interact with physical device | Communication of sending and receive data from physical hardware. | Data link layer | This layer handles errors that are could be formed in the physical layer. | Flow control for Synchronous | Network layer | Allows procedures which allow data to be transferred from one network to another. | Allows‚ maintains and closes network links between
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| |Physical layer |Is responsible for the actual transmissions|Physical Layer Transmits the bits. | | |sent across a physical medium. | | |Data link layer |Is responsible for providing error-free |It divides data it receives from the | | |data transmission also establishes
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that each layer needs to have two opposite tasks. The second principle dictates that the corresponding layers should be identical. The section ends with a brief discussion of logical connection between two identical layers in protocol layering. Throughout the book‚ we need to distinguish between logical and physical connections. Chapter 2: Objective (continued) The second section discusses the five layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite. We show how packets in each of the five layers (physical
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over such a long span of time‚ Patton-Fuller has had to adapt to changing technologies. Today‚ Patton-Fuller utilizes Information Technology to its fullest‚ establishing a network in which vital data can be transferred both internally and externally with ease and speed. The communication of this data can be visualized via the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Patton-Fuller Network: Patton-Fuller’s Logical Network is segmented into two distinct networks‚ Administrative Functions and
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