College of Business Hospitality & Tourism Studies Department of Computer Science & Information System CIN623 Database Design & Programming Final Examination Trimester 1 – 2011 Date: Duration:3 hours plus 10 minutes INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS 1. You are allowed ten minutes extra reading time during which you are not to write 2. Write all answers to each question in the Answer Booklet. 3. Write your Student ID number at the top of each attached sheet. 4. Insert all written foolscaps in their correct sequence
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relational databases are two different manners in which to store and organize data that also allow management and utilization of that data. There are essential aspects that any database should be able to provide‚ those of creating‚ reading‚ updating and deleting data. Upon becoming familiar with how each database is set up‚ it is important to look at the advantages and disadvantages of each model in determining which type of database one would want to utilize. The hierarchical database is one of
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NORMALIZATION OF DATABASE NORMALIZATION- is the process for evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies‚ thereby‚ reducing the livelihood of data anomalies. The normalization process involves assigning attributes to tables based on the concept of determination. Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. 3 Stages of Normalization 1. 1NF or FIRST NORMALIZATION FORM 2. 2NF or SECOND NORMALIZATION FORM 3. 3NF or THIRED NORMALIZATION
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Normalization Normalization is a method for organizing data elements in a database into tables. Normalization Avoids • Duplication of Data – The same data is listed in multiple lines of the database • Insert Anomaly – A record about an entity cannot be inserted into the table without first inserting information about another entity – Cannot enter a customer without a sales order • Delete Anomaly – A record cannot be deleted without deleting a record about a related entity.
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Normalization of Database Tables Introduction to Normalization of Database Tables Normalization of Database Tables l Introduction to Normalization of Database Tables 4 4 4 ISM 602 Dr. Hamid Nemati 4 4 4 Functional Dependency l Introduction to Normalization of Database Tables l l A Functional Dependency Is A Relationship Between Or Among Attributes Such That The Values Of One Attribute Depend On‚ Or Are Determined By‚ The Values Of The Other Attribute(s)
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Databases | Database Construction and Management 1. What is a database? A database is one or more large structured sets of persistent data‚ usually associated with software (database management system) to update and query the data. A simple database might be a single file containing many records‚ each of which contains the same set of fields where each field is a certain fixed width - From FOLDOC A database is a collection of data elements (facts) stored in a computer in a systematic way
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Mobile Database Systems [ 1 ] Jerri Scott Technical Essay #1 Mobile Database Systems MGT – 5151 Database Systems Management November 7‚ 2010 [ 2 ] Due to the increasing utilization of mobile networks and devices‚ mobile database systems have become a prominent method of data access. Data maintenance becomes a necessity for users who require mobility. Therefore‚ the usage of mobile database systems provides a convenient way of data creation‚ collection and management through mobile
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Specialized Database Presentation Specialized Database Presentation Team B: Chappell Grant‚ John Hainline Linda Hannigan DBM/384 Special Purpose Databases Brando Sumayao Specialized Database Presentation • • • • • • • • • • Executive Overview Strategic Goal Proposal Comparison of different database and purposes SQL concepts relative to spatial and temporal databases Uses of databases in the business environment Description of the information retrieval process in relations to the specialized
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Apply the database development cycle to a given data set Database development creates enterprise data modeling‚ which forms the range and wide-ranging contents of organizational databases. There are 5 phases in Database Development Cycle: Planning; Analysis; Design; Implementation and Maintenance. Planning In Planning Stage‚ the organization needs to know why do they need the database; what do they want the database to do; and how are they going to make the database. This is also where the
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Lecture-13 Structured Query Language (SQL) Introduction Commercial database systems use more user friendly language to specify the queries. SQL is the most influential commercially marketed product language. Other commercially used languages are QBE‚ Quel‚ and Datalog. Basic Structure The basic structure of an SQL consists of three clauses: select‚ from and where. select: it corresponds to the projection operation of relational algebra. Used to list the attributes desired in the
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