Introduction To date‚ the bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most important global health threat introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and most annual mortality due to hospital infections occurs because of this challenge (1). According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report‚ carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are one of the three main antibiotic resistance threats. (2). Enterobacteriaceae are Gram-negative bacilli which cause a wide
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Case Study: Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction 1 The pharmaceutical industry entails a team involved in the invention of a drug. The team consists of the drug producers‚ formulators‚ promoters and prescribers. (Swayne‚ Duncan‚ & Ginter‚ 2011) Since the foundation of the pharmaceutical industry in the 90’s with inventions of Insulin and Penicillin‚ the purpose of the pharmaceutical companies has been for production of Medicines and medical devices. (Ency) The
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A few weeks ago‚ I introduced Huffington Post readers to a group of important diseases that most had never heard of -- neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In that piece‚ I mentioned one disease that has a particularly devastating impact on girls and women in developing countries -- female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). Schistosomiasis‚ also known as bilharzia or "snail fever‚" is a parasitic disease carried by fresh water snails. It is transmitted by contact with contaminated fresh water‚ so swimming
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markets it June 1983 Glaxo introduces Zantac 1985 SmithKline starts discussions with FDA on the OTC launch of Tagamet‚ named Tagamet HB November 1986 Merck introduces Pepcid‚ and later from 1989‚ JJM markets it May 1988 Eli Lilly introduces Axid‚ and later from 1989‚ Eli Lilly and American Home Products market it March 1989 JJM was formed with Merck as the R&D part and J&J for the retail and distribution part. April 1989 SmithKline Beckman‚ Tagamet’s marketer‚ merged with Beecham‚ a strong OTC
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from animal or plant sources. Exceptions to the above are the formation of vitamin A from carotene‚ the formation of vitamin D by the action of ultraviolet light on the skin‚ and the formation of vitamin K by symbiotic bacteria of the intestine (Merck Research Laboratories‚ 1992‚ pg.2139). There are two broad classifications of vitamins. The first‚ fat-soluble vitamins (A‚ D‚ E‚ and K)‚ must dissolve in fat (or lipids) before they can enter the bloodstream. These vitamins are stored
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University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Master of Science in Organizational Dynamics Theses 5-4-2010 Organizational Dynamics Programs Problems Facing the Pharmaceutical Industry and Approaches to Ensure Long Term Viability Donald A. Baines University of Pennsylvania‚ djtz00@aol.com Submitted to the Program of Organizational Dynamics in the Graduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Organizational
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competitive retailing strategies’‚ Strategic Management Journal‚ July–September‚ 275–287. 38 Porter (1980) op. cit. 39 Miles and Snow (1978) op. cit. 40 Porter (1980) op. cit. 41 Porter (1980) op. cit. 42 Porter (1980) op. cit. 43 Hawthorne‚ F. (2003) The Merck Druggernaut: The Inside Story of a Pharmaceutical Giant‚ John Wiley & Sons‚ Chichester‚ UK. 218 Journal of Medical Marketing Vol. 5‚ 3 209–218 # Henry Stewart Publications 1745–7904 (2005)
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effects associated with water-soluble vitamins occur due to intake of extremely high doses. Peripheral neuropathy‚ a nerve disorder that can cause numbness and pain in the extremities‚ is a possible side effect of too much vitamin B6‚ according to Merck. Medline Plus says more than 2‚000mg of vitamin C a day is not recommended because it can upset the stomach and cause diarrhea. Vitamin A Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports vision‚ immunity‚ genes‚ growth‚ development and production
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Organizational design and structure allow a company to organize itself into different divisions that make work and labor occur more efficiently. Departmentalization is a method of subdividing work into separate organizational units that perform particular tasks. Pfizer uses product departmentalization in order to organize the company into separate units that produce particular products or services. Pfizer manages its operations through five divisions: Primary Care‚ Specialty Care and Oncology‚ Established
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Cushing’s Syndrome Cushing’s Syndrome is a condition that results from chronic exposure to excessive amounts of glucocorticoids circulating in the blood stream for an extended period of time. The disease was first reported by Harvey Cushing over one hundred years ago‚ yet the condition still plagues endocrinologists today. Reasons for this difficulty include the vast amount of often vague symptoms that the syndrome presents‚ most of which are found in a plethora of other conditions as well‚ combined
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