William Cleghorn (1718-1754) William Cleghorn was a Scottish physician and philosopher. He‚ alongside Antoine Lavoisier‚ are responsible for the caloric theory. Although he only lived to the age of 36 he held the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh from 1745 until his death in 1754.1 William Cleghorn was born in 1718; he and his eight siblings were raised by his uncle‚ George Cleghorn. His uncle George was a physician at the University of Dublin and also had
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During a historical movement in the 17th and 18th century‚ advances in contrasting concepts such as social science‚ economics‚ and reason‚ would leave an everlasting mark on the world. This movement was known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. Many exceptionally intellectual individuals involved in the movement were known as philosophes‚ or philosophers. Their profound discussions on various matters on understanding and improving society lead to the capitalistic‚ democratic world we
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“With such signs of forethought in the design of living creature‚ can you doubt they are the work of choice or design?” (Socrates). The word ‘Telos’ is Greek for purpose. The Teleological argument thus argues that the universe is being directed towards a telos‚ an end purpose‚ and the posteriori evidence of an apparent intelligent design in the world. A posteriori argument is based on observations and/or experiences. Furthermore‚ the teleological argument is based on the character of the world and
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Enlightened age vs. enlightenment age according to Kant If it is now asked whether we at present live in an enlightened age‚ the answer is: No‚ but we live in an age of enlightenment. This statement as stated by Kant has a lot of weight when we look at our lives today. One can argue that we are living in an enlightened age. This is because some of the barriers to enlightenment have been removed in many parts of the world. At the time Kant was writing this piece‚ the world had been at age of enlightenment
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To be enlightened is to be free from all restraints that hold one back from understanding. It is the “state of perfect knowledge" in which one understands both the “relative” and “ultimate mode of existence” (Ricard 1). To be enlightened is to see the full picture‚ not just a certain field of vision. There are many different interpretations of what enlightenment is‚ and what the path to enlightenment is like. How does one examine the many different perceptions of enlightenment? Plato - a Greek philosopher
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Caitlyn Monter Geography 3701 Dr. Wainwright 21 October 2014 Kant’s Enlightenment What is Enlightenment was an essay written by Immanuel Kant in 1784. Its motto: Sapere aude! (Dare to know!). The Enlightenment concerns humanity gaining the courage to think and reason for themselves without the guidance of others. It encourages men to question authority and constantly voice their opinions. It also requires that men in private‚ appointed positions‚ make sure the public knows what is going on in their
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Nikoloz Burnadze Western Traditions 2/22/2013 Power of Church From the beginning of times‚ humanity was organized in small groups ruled by some authority. Small groups grew into the tribes‚ tribes into villages‚ villages into the countries. In the sixteenth century Europe Catholic Church and pope was the ultimate authority‚ world view‚ science and most importantly politics was based on Catholic church. Towards the eighteenth century even though religion was still huge part of European society
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I believe in miracles. At a very young age I began to get an idea of what a miracle was. Dallin H. Oaks defines a miracle as “a beneficial event brought about through divine power that mortals do not understand and themselves cannot duplicate.” When I was six years old I had my first experience when a miracle took place in my life. I was in our small front yard taking golf lessons from my father in a small cul-de-sac. My father laid down the golf ball on the freshly cut grass. As he swung and hit
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Of Man’s Free Agency written by Baron d’Holbach argued that we do not have free will. D’Holbach believes the man himself is not a free agent and the control of his actions is an illusion. The first examples D’Holbach presents determining the nonexistence of free will is a man is born without his consent‚ his ideas come to him involuntarily‚ his habits form from who raises and surrounds him‚ and his actions are modified by causes. The argument presented here is a man has no choice in the matter of
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There are many different sides to the argument about how the universe was created; one of the most prominent of these arguments is the Teleological argument‚ also known as the argument from design. The argument from design is based around the idea that the universe is too complex to have just appeared. William Paley uses a wrist watch as an example to describe this idea in more depth. Although there are many other idea that attempt to prove that there is not a creator‚ such as Darwin’s theory of
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