David Hume and John Locke were both well known radical empiricists of their time. They were more radical because not only did believe in empiricism‚ but they strongly disagreed with innatism. Locke even went as far as to spend his entire book I in his “ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING” attacking innatism. They not only believe that all ideas derive from experience but they strongly oppose innatism. Descartes believed in innatism‚ that we are born with ideas and knowledge in our minds already
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What is the state of nature? The state of nature is a term in political philosophy that describes a circumstance prior to the state and society’s establishment. Philosophers‚ mainly social contract theory philosophers‚ and political thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes‚ John Locke‚ and Jean Jacques Rousseau discussed and considered the "state of nature" as a starting point to their political and philosophical ideas. John Locke‚ whose work influenced the American Declaration of Independence‚ believes that
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Hume believes the root of morality is emotion. He believes emotions‚ or passions‚ as he calls them‚ are the driving force behind our actions. Hume believes that how we feel about things determines what we determine is moral or immoral. There is no logical reason for keeping one’s promises if there is no benefit to you. However
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Morality is important for the functioning of a healthy society. David Hume would not dispute this point. It helps people control behavior that is destructive to individual and the society as whole‚ bring stability and peace. Adversely‚ during times of conflict‚ moral authority is often claimed‚ inciting a greater wish to obliterate he “evil” enemies. Claims of moral right are bandied about indiscriminately by people of all cultures and walks in life‚ and‚ often‚ many of these views on morality contradict
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characteristics in question form a personality‚ which a person merely possesses as a holding‚ a constitutive of personal consciousness. On this view‚ a person can change their personality without having their identity annihilated in the strict sense implied by Hume‚ because one’s personality as well as the personality traits is constitutive of personal identity. Based on how this idea has been refined in recent paragraphs‚ I propose we rename it personality as a constitutive of personal identity or personality
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we know something beyond the criteria of our experience which is the problem of induction‚ which is also the problem of explicating the very concept of inductive evidence. Hume argued that conditions are based upon experience and they are always subject to change. And linking the fact to the science behind the secret nature of body which is learned from the past experience‚ changes subsequently without change in their sensible qualities. Foundations of substance are always established after the
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Using an imaginary state of nature has proven to be a crucial factor in forming the ideas of the natural rights philosophers. An imaginary state of nature is imagining what society would be like without government. Natural rights exist even when not given or enforced by the government. In an imaginary state of nature‚ it is possible to see what rights are necessary to all people‚ and a government can be built around those rights. A state of nature looks at a civilization in its most basic
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David Hume discusses the validation of human testimony as far as miracles which are the base for many religions in Section 10 of his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Hume focuses mostly on Christianity and the miracle of Jesus rising from the dead. Hume argues that humans have no compelling reason to believe in miracles‚ and that the evidence for miracles is most definitely not enough to base a religion upon them. Human knowledge on miracles is all based on human testimony from those who have
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Social contract theory is a theory first talked about by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and then other philosophers such as Rousseau‚ Paine‚ and Hume; it is a theory suggesting that without state there is the state of nature‚ which is essentially the state of anarchy and consent is made by individuals to create a state as a ‘necessary evil’ as Tomas Paine describes the state. There are two points of disagreement in relation to the state. One is the nature of the state- whether it should be coercive
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different definitions of what John Locke and David Hume think a miracle is to them‚ I definitely have two new views on the definition of a miracle and I am very eager to share my thoughts with you. To start off‚ I want to be clear and state that I believe that John Locke’s thoughts and beliefs on miracles could in principle‚ be justified. Locke not only gives his personal definitions but‚ he backs them up with stories and facts. Although there were parts of David Hume’s that I wanted to agree with and
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