express Vis. Theory: The dynamics of a linear system can be represented through linear derivative equations. The representative equation of a first order system is as follows: Here τ is the time constant‚ x(t) is the input and y(t) is the output. The discrete form of the equation is as follows‚ with t=n: This is the iteration used in the simulation of the dynamic response of the first order system. The typical representation of the second order system is as follows: The
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QUESTION: SUMMARY OF THE SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS A Sequential System is a system that has memory. The output in a sequential system does not only depend on the current output‚ but also depends on the history of previous inputs. We dwell mostly on clocked/synchronous systems. A clock a signal that alternates between 1 and 0 at a regular rate over time. Due to the fact that the system can only store a finite number of states‚ sequential systems are sometimes called finite state machines (FSMs). A sequential
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usually adopts either DEA or SFA method‚ but not both of them. Therefore‚ this paper is aimed to measure the operating efficiencies of 27 international container ports from 1999 to 2002 by applying both SFA and DEA models with three inputs and single output. The result shows that the total average of operating efficiency scores are SFATR(0.8217) ＞ SFACD(0.7979)＞DEABCC(0.7075)＞DEACCR(0.6150)‚ and Hong Kong port demonstrates the best performance in each model. Also‚ three hypotheses for port performance
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Using Pulse-Width Modulation and Audio Sampling Techniques to Construct an Audio Player with a Field-Programmable Gate Array John C. Greavu III University of Minnesota‚ School of Physics and Astronomy I. INTRODUCTION 8-bit and 16-bit audio players were built by employing pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Basic PWM and audio playing methods are explained in detail. A sigma-delta modulation module‚ specifically‚ was programmed into a Basys
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can also document the input‚ output‚ database/files‚ and programs that make up the system. People have their own favorite way of doing this. This is just one possible way of doing it. Your textbook discusses other techniques that you may prefer. Overview of Payroll System The payroll system keeps accurate employee data stored in an easily accessible database. The system has the ability to update and maintain employee information and to generate required outputs including paychecks‚ reports
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ADC 3-bits Flash DURRMANN Antoine – GEAMBLU Clément 1 I- Introduction We have decided to design an one-step Flash converter. As shown in the schematic below‚ in this type of ADC the input signal is compared to the 2n nodes of resistors. At the output of the comparators‚ the sampled input value can be read in thermometer-code. At the beginning of this project‚ we were novice in circuit
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Due to increasing levels of income‚ people started opting for motorcycle instead of scooters. Identification of concepts Optimal input combination to maximise the output and minimise costA firm needs an optimal combination of inputs to minimize the cost of production Returns to scale- Refers to the degree by which output changes as a result of a given change in the quantity of all inputs used in production. If quantity of all inputs is increased by a given proportion‚ we have constant returns
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keeping the maintenance on the house done. There are some things that can be done during the Spring and others during the Winter. This proposal will go over the problems that occur within a home and when to fix those problems. There will be inputs and outputs of data that will help in the process of taking care of the home maintenance. Secondly‚ here are tasks that should be done in the Spring to ensure proper preventative upkeep of the home. In the Spring there are four items that should be completed
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Dehghan Dehnavi‚ Student Member‚ IEEE‚ Mustafa Mohamadian‚ Member‚ IEEE‚ Ali Yazdian‚ Member‚ IEEE‚ and Farhad Ashrafzadeh‚ Senior Member‚ IEEE Abstract—Recently‚ nine-switch inverter and nine-switch-zsource inverter have been proposed as dual output inverters. In this paper‚ the space vector modulation (SVM) of nine-switch inverter and nine-switch-z-source inverter is proposed. The proposed method increases the sum of modulation indices up to 15% in contrast with the conventional‚ scheme in
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signal. Using the oscilloscope‚ the mean value was found to be -37.6 mV‚ the RMS Voltage was 292 mV‚ the frequency was 1 kHz and the Peak to Peak voltage was 1.01 V. The values observed‚ differed from what was expected as a result of the inaccuracy to output perfect values. The triangular wave was then given a non-zero DC Offset. The latter change displaced the triangular signal vertically by keeping its initial frequency and Peak to Peak values. Another goal of Part 1 was to determine how AC and DC coupling
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