Heat resistance of endospores of Bacillus pumilus Abstract Spore suspension of Bacillus pumilus was inoculated into universal bottles containing sterile distilled water in water baths at temperatures of 85°C‚ 90°C and 95°C. At specific time intervals‚ a sample was removed and spread on nutrient agar plates. The number of colonies formed was used to determine the D-value and z-value. The D-value for 85°C is 64.1 minutes‚ 25.7 minutes for 90°C and 8.2 minutes for 95°C while the z-value is 11
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Allusion: Henry didn’t mind sitting in the back of the bus. But for some reason Sheldon seemed to resent it. Grousing once in a while about how this was the Northwest and not the Deep South and the bus driver had had no business jerking his thumb toward the back of the bus when he and Henry boarded. Page 214 |Explanation: Henry and Sheldon are heading out to meet Keiko at the new camp and are told to go to the back of the bus by the bus driver. Though Henry is fine with this Sheldon complains
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Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Experiment By Andres Rodriguez Abstract The design project of the group was to create an experiment for Thermo/Fluids Laboratory. The experiment will help aide the students in relating pressure drop and heat transfer in a cross flow heat exchanger. The experiment consists of three cross flow heat exchangers (bare inline‚ bare staggered‚ and finned staggered) that will cool hot water with current fan in the Laboratory. Optimal flow rates‚ pressure and temperature
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Experiment 8 - Free & Forced Convection Convection Heat Transfer.doc EXPERIMENT ON FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER 8.1 OBJECTIVES To study experimental data for heat transfer in order to evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficients and heat balances for the following cases of heat transfer in a .shell and tube heat exchanger. (a) Natural convection and (b) Forced convection. 8.2 THEORY A basic diagram of a shell and tube heat exchanger is shown in Figure 8.1. Here steam at a temperature
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Heat Transfer Lab report Free & Forced Convection Heat Transfer Mahmood Mohsin AL-Khusaibi 85135 Amur Sultan Al-Habsi 86260 Rashid Nasser Al Shabibi 85362 Aim: The objective of this experiment to investigate the use of extended surface to improve heat transfer through surfaces. In addition‚ another target is to demonstrate the effect of the fluid speed on the heat transfer by convection. Introduction: Heat transfer by convection is one of three heat transfer
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geothermal heat pump The Direct exchange geothermal heat pump is the oldest type of geothermal heat pump technology. It is also the simplest and easiest to understand. The ground-coupling is achieved through a single loop circulating refrigerant in direct thermal contact with the ground (as opposed to a combination of a refrigerant loop and a water loop). The refrigerant leaves the heat pump appliance cabinet‚ circulates through a loop of copper tube buried underground‚ and exchanges heat with the
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Heat Conduction along a Composite Bar Objective To study the conduction of heat along a composite bar and evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficient. Theory Thermal conduction is the mode of heat transfer which occurs in a material by virtue of a temperature gradient within it. A solid is chosen for the demonstration of pure conduction since both liquids and gasses exhibit excessive convective heat transfer. In a practical situation‚ heat conduction occurs in three detentions‚ a complexity
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conducted was to analyse the work of a heat exchanger‚ by studying the effects of heat transfer from a hot stream and a cold stream in the heat exchanger. In the experiment we were introduced to the shell and tube heat exchanger and were told of all its parts and how to use them. The experiment started by evaluating what the heat transfer rate for a hot stream and a cold stream was within the heat exchanger. Using this information the experiment went on to analyse the heat exchanger in more detail. The log
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Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems Clinton Ward COM155 February 17‚ 2013 Joyce Keeling Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems Air conditioners and heat pump systems are used by most people in the world today. They are used to cool in the summer time and to heat in the winter time. These machines are bought and used when most people do not even understand the principle on which they work. The machines are expected do what they are designed to do‚ and when they cease to do this‚ they can
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After watching the movie and reading the book‚ there are some major differences such as the character development‚ key roles and certain scenes‚ yet minor differences like objects or dialogue used in the movie than the book. These differences shown between the two indicating how the book is better developed and gives more detail than the movie‚ which allows the reader have a better perception of how the characters’ minds work‚ and explaining their actions In the novel‚ Sam Wood is shown
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