Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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The Cost of Turnover Putting a Price on the Learning Curve by Timothy R. Hinkin and J.BruceTracey Employee turnover does more than reduce service quality and damage employee moraleit hits a hotels pocketbook. E mployee turnover has long been a concern of the hospitality industry‚ and therefore of researchers who examine industry human-resources concerns. One stream of research that arose in the past 20 years was an effort to quantify the cost of employee turnover. Although most managers
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manufacturer produces 1‚000 basketballs each day‚ which it sells to customers for $30 each. All costs associated with production and sales total $10‚000; however‚ if the manufacturer were to produce one additional basketball per day‚ total costs would increase to $10‚100. From these amounts‚ we can tell that a. the firm has negative profit. b. marginal cost equals $100. c. marginal cost equals $150. d. marginal cost equals marginal revenue. 2. A retailer has to pay $9 per hour to hire 13 workers
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Cost leadership Strategy Strategy used by businesses to create a low cost of operation within their niche. The use of this strategy is primarily to gain an advantage over competitors by reducing operation costs below that of others in the same industry. For example‚ The Swedish furniture retailer Ikea revolutionized the furniture industry by offering cheap but stylish furniture. Ikea is able to keep its prices low by sourcing its products in low-wage countries and by offering a very basic level
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Impact of Petrol Price Hike Economics State-run oil companies announced a hike of Rs 7.50 per litre in petrol prices - a direct fall-out of elevated international crude oil prices‚ which had until now not registered a pass-through in domestic market prices; thereby impacting the financial and liquidity position of oil marketing companies (OMCs) in the country. A depreciating rupee has only added to this pressure. While diesel and LPG prices have been left untouched‚ this move is expected to provide
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The historical cost accounting is an accounting technique that values an asset for balance sheet purposes at the price paid for the asset at the time of its acquisition. It is usually used in combination with other measurement bases. For example‚ inventories are usually carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value‚ on the other hand marketable securities are usually carried at market value‚ and entities prefer to carry pension liabilities at their present value. The main advantage of using
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long time. A disposable product is a product designed for cheapness and short-term use. It includes paper products‚ shopping bags‚ water bottles‚ food packaging and plastic cutlery. Annually‚ about 45 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks are produced in China‚ consuming 25 million of trees and bamboo plants; meanwhile‚ as world’s highest forest coverage nation‚ Japan imports 25 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks from China every year. (Q‚ Y‚ YU‚ 1999) Disposable products are brought by commercial
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stores in USA market because of economic clash. It also mentioned that the raising of strong competition of MCD‚ who provide much cheaper price of coffee. The heavy pricing completion from competitor and slowing economic drives Starbucks’ market fluctuation. Moreover‚ the article also stated that since financial crisis‚ it has result Starbucks’s market stock price dropped 50% of its value in 2008‚ which is not a positive sign of a company. Nevertheless‚ it does have better performance in some Asian
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Product costing assignment 1. (a) Split into fixed costs and variable costs‚ which are both allocated based on machine hours‚ but using separate rates. Also‚ make a distinction between the costs that are more directly related to the machines (e.g.‚ depreciation‚ electricity) and those that have been allocated to the machines from other cost centers. (b) Split total machine-related costs into three types: costs related to setup‚ production‚ and maintenance of the machines. For each type of
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Price elasticity of demand In economics and business studies‚ the price elasticity of demand (PED) is an elasticity that measures the nature and degree of the relationship between changes in quantity demanded of a good and changes in its price. Introduction When the price of a good falls‚ the quantity consumers demand of the good typically rises; if it costs less‚ consumers buy more. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of a change in quantity demanded for a good or service to
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