There are a few methods to extract metals from its ores. The main ones are electrolysis (the decomposition of a compound using electricity) and heating with carbon or carbon monoxide (or called the “Blast Furnace”). Some other metals like Silver and Gold occur naturally in the Earth’s crust as “native metals”. The method to extract the metal depends on its place in the Reactivity Series (how reactive the metal is). The more reactive the metal‚ the more difficult it is to extract. Thus electrolysis
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while its temperature is held constant. (b) At what temperature in degrees Celsius is the volume of the gas 4.0 L if the pressure is kept constant. 2. Calcium carbonate‚ CaCO3(s)‚ decomposes upon heating to give CaO(s) and CO2 (g). A sample of CaCO3 is decomposed‚ and the carbon dioxide is collected in a 250-mL flask. After the decomposition is complete‚ the gas has a pressure of 1.3 atm at a temperature of 31.0 °C. How many moles of CO2 gas were generated? 3. An inflated balloon has a
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Specimen Paper Centre Number Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Science A Unit Chemistry C1 Chemistry 1F Chemistry Unit Chemistry C1 For this paper you must have: • a ruler • the Data Sheet (enclosed). You may use a calculator. F 8 9 TOTAL Time allowed ! 60 minutes Instructions ! ! ! ! Use black ink or black ball-point
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•Solubility depends on the combination of positive and negative ions. SOLUBILITY RULES SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE 1 All nitrates All carbonates except for sodium‚ potassium and ammonium carbonates 2 All chlorides except for silver chloride and lead (ii) chloride All sulphides except for sodium‚ potassium and ammonium sulphides 3 All sulphates except for calcium‚ barium and lead (ii) sulphates All oxides except for sodium potassium and ammonium oxides 4 All sodium‚ potassium (even other group
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ions in compound Sodium chloride Na+ : Cl1:1 Magnesium oxide Formula of compound Covalent MgO Ca2+: Cl1:2 CaCl2 Metallic Fill in this table of more complicated ions: Name of ion Formula of ion Calcium hydroxide‚ Ca(OH)2 hydroxide NO3CO32Suphate Example of compound Mg(NO3)2 Sodium carbonate CaSO4 KEY WORDS: Electronic structure Covalent bonding Ionic bonding Proton Electron Ion Giant structure (lattice) Metallic bonding ASSESSMENT: C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES IONIC
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Geomorphology - is the science of landforms‚ their origin‚ evolution‚ form‚ and spatial distribution. Denudation - is any process that wears away or rearranges landforms. Processes include weathering‚ mass movement‚ erosion‚ transportation‚ and deposition. Differential Weathering - the effect of different resistance in rock‚ coupled with variations in the intensity of physical and chemical weathering. Dynamic Equilibrium Model - the balancing act between tectonic uplift and reduction rates
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CHEMICAL WEATHERING Chemical weathering is a process of alteration of rocks of the Earth’s crust. is a chemical decomposition process. is brought out by atmospheric gases and moisture. End product has a different chemical composition and poorer physical constitution. The process: Chemical change in the nature of rock takes place in the presence of moisture containing many active gases such as CO2‚ N2‚ H2‚ and O2. Rocks are made up of minerals. All the minerals in a rock are not in
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by reacting sodium hydroxide with impure potassium. Potassium hydroxide is usually sold as translucent pellets‚ which will become tacky in air because KOH is hygroscopic. Consequently‚ KOH typically contains varying amounts of water (as well as carbonates; see below). Its dissolution in water is strongly exothermic‚ meaning the process gives off significant heat. Concentrated aqueous solutions are sometimes called potassium lyes. Even at high temperatures‚ solid KOH does not dehydrate readily. Other
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IGSCE Chemistry Notes Oxides Oxides are used to determine whether an element is a metal or a non-metal. Most non-metals are classed as acidic oxides. While most metals are classed as basicoxides. Acidic Oxides * Reacts with water to form acids * Neutralises alkaline solution to form salt + water Basic Oxides * Neutralises acidic solutions to form salt + water Amphoeteric Oxides * These are non-metals which display both acidic and basic properties Alkaline Oxides * Reacts
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AQA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 C 1: Fundamental ideas: C 1.1. Atoms‚ elements and compounds: * All substances are made up of atoms. * Elements contain only one atom. * Compounds contain more than one atom. * An atom has a tiny nucleus in its centre‚ surrounded by electrons. C 1.2. Atomic structure: * Atoms are made up of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. * Protons and electrons have equal and opposite electrical charges. Protons are positively charged‚ and electrons are negatively
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