Advantages: Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler - It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others‚ therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5]‚ which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers
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Discussion Section-1 November 17‚ 2011 The other CO₂ Problem Todays oceans are not the same as they once were prior to the industrial revolution. The ocean serves as a reservoir for the worlds green house gasses. The increase in anthropogenic CO₂ has also resulted in an increase in the uptake by the ocean of CO₂. As a result of this uptake‚ the ocean is becoming progressively more and more acidic. This acidification of the ocean is expected to have great impacts on marine ecosystems. Coral
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with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5]‚ which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers remove limescale Limescale forms when hard water is heated above 61°C or when it is left to evaporate on surfaces such as taps and showerheads. Hard water is water that contains high quantities of calcium and magnesium
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hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a pH of 2-3. When too much of this acid is formed in the stomach‚ heartburn and other discomfort occurs. This is when people grab for their antacids; these are bases that neutralize the excess acid in the stomach. Calcium carbonate‚ magnesium hydroxide‚ and aluminum hydroxide are all examples of bases used in antacids. In addition to these active ingredients‚ antacids also contain sweeteners‚ colourings‚ and “fillers” that may or may not affect the effectiveness of the
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Materials: 1 Distilled water 1 Paper towels 1 Small paper cup 1 Coffee cup or mug 1 Beaker‚ 100 mL‚ glass 1 Funnel 1 Cylinder‚ 25 mL 1 Goggles-Safety 1 Scale-Digital-500g 1 Weighing boat‚ Plastic 1 CaCl2·2 H2O-Calcium Chloride‚ Dihydrate - 2.5 g 1 Filter Paper 12.5-cm 1 NaCO3-Sodium Carbonate - 2 g Procedure 1. Put on your goggles. 2. Weigh out 1.0 g of CaCl2·2H2O and put it into the 100-mL beaker. Add 25 mL of distilled water and stir to form
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Show questions one by one Image462.gif Which mixture will enable the fastest reaction to take place between solid calcium carbonate (marble chips) and dilute hydrochloric acid? [rr-13] YES concentrated acid‚ high temperature‚ small chips ? high temperature‚ small chips‚ dilute acid ? large chips‚ concentrated acid‚ low temperature ? low temperature‚ small chips‚ dilute acid Image50.gifImage51.gifImage52.gifSodium thiosulphate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride
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In this experiment‚ we took two TUMS tabs and through a back titration‚ we were able to find out how much acid was needed to neutralize two tablets of TUMS. In the first process of the titration‚ we added excess HCl and then we had to back titrate it by adding NaOH. We had to do a standardization test because the NaOH has a high reactivity and that could cause a small change. The NaOH solution was supposed to have a molar concentration of .5 however when we standardized the solution we found the
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to create a reaction to percipitate the calcium out of the water into a measureable solid Materials: balance (.001g)‚ 100ml beakers‚ graduated cylinder‚ drying oven‚ Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate)‚ stir rod‚ scoopula‚ DI water‚ watch glasses‚ filter paper‚ ring stand‚ funnel‚ water samples with CaCl2 (calcium chloride) Procedure: 1. Measure out a 20ml sample of each A‚ B‚ and C hard waters 2. Place samples in separate beakers 3. Add .500g of sodium carbonate to each water sample beaker (absolute maximum
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Purpose: The main purpose of this experiment is to standardize a solution of EDTA by titration against a standard solution made from calcium carbonate‚ CaCO3. Procedure: A 50-mL buret‚ a 250-mL volumetric flask‚ and 25- and 50-mL pipets were obtained from stockroom. The 0.5 g of calcium carbonate was weighted in a small 50-mL beaker. Approximately 0.4 g of the carbonate was transferred to a 250-mL beaker. 25 mL of distilled water was poured to the large beaker and 40 drops of 6 M HCl were added. Then
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buffer against short periods of drought or to allow water supply to be maintained during transitory pollution incidents in the source river. 4. Pre-conditioning – Water rich in hardness salts is treated with soda-ash (sodium carbonate) to precipitate calcium carbonate out utilising the common-ion effect. 5. Pre-chlorination – In many plants the incoming water was chlorinated to minimise the growth of fouling organisms on the pipe-work and tanks. Because of the potential adverse quality effects
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