COST OVERRUN FACTORS AND PROJECT COST RISK ASSESSMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY - A STATE OF THE ART REVIEW SAVITA SHARMA 1 & PRADEEP K. GOYAL 2 1 Senior Lecturer‚ Department of Civil Engineering‚ Govt. Polytechnic College‚ Ajmer‚ Rajasthan‚ India 2 Associate Professor‚ Department of Civil Engineering‚ Govt. Engineering College‚ Ajmer‚ Rajasthan‚ India ABSTRACT This paper presents a state of the art review of major and frequently occurred cost overrun factors and project cost risk assessment
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1 In a process cost system‚ product costs are summarized: on job cost sheets. when the products are sold. after each unit is produced. on production cost reports. What decision criteria should managers use in selecting projects when there is not enough capital to invest in all available positive NPV projects? the internal rate of return the discounted payback the profitability index the modified internal rate of return 3 Horizontal
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change of RELEVANT items ONLY. The company’s calculation is WRONG‚ as it takes into concern of irrelevant fixed cost. By double-counting depreciation‚ other Mfg. overheads‚ SG&A in Sunday’s cost; it distorts the P&L sheet. To correctly show cost structure for decision making‚ there are two different approaches‚ yet each should reach same conclusion. Approach 1: Differential Cost Approach As suggested in case‚ by producing 4 unites on Sunday‚ total depreciation‚ total Mfg. overhead and SG&A
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REVENUE MANAGEMENT Capt: Paul Mwangi 9th May 2014 KCAA/MOI UNI/EMBA/PK/9th May 14 OVERVIEW OF REVENUE MANAGEMENT MISSION Maximize network revenue per Available Seat Kilometer for a given schedule. KCAA/MOI UNI/EMBA/PK/9th May 14 Why Revenue Management? To maximize revenue income! KCAA/MOI UNI/EMBA/PK/9th May 14 How? “cherry picking” Overbooking KCAA/MOI UNI/EMBA/PK/9th May 14 “Cherry Picking” Flight NBO – LON available seats: 8 Passengers who wants to travel:
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Jenine Teixeira ACFI 406 9/24/12 Assignment chapter 19 Q: 1‚ 2‚ 11‚ 15 1. Dickison orders one thousand widgets at $5 per widget from International Widget to be delivered within sixty days. After the contract is consummated and signed‚ Dickison orally requests that International deliver the widgets within thirty days rather than sixty days. International agrees. Is the contractual modification binding? A- Both parties are merchants‚ the change of delivery date would affect the
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Monitoring and evaluating knowledge management strategies Nature does not measure. Nature recognizes patterns. (Senge) IKM Background Paper October 2009 Joitske Hulsebosch‚ Mark Turpin and Sibrenne Wagenaar IKM Background Paper‚ Monitoring and evaluating knowledge management strategies. October 2009. About IKM Emergent In April 2007‚ a five-year research programme was approved for funding by the Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS)‚ which is part of the Dutch Ministry
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Relationship between marginal cost and marginal product. Marginal cost is the additional cost attributed to an additional unit produced. Marginal product is the increase in the total product due to an additional resource allocation. The marginal cost and marginal return have an inverse relationship and can almost be represented as mirror images of each other. The peak of the marginal product corresponds with the lowest point of the marginal cost. Thus as marginal product
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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As John got out of the taxi. He could hear the roars coming from the planes and could see a sea of people. He tried to get through the doors of the airport but there were too many people. Eventually he got though and made it into the airport. John looked around and saw airport security. John though as he went through airport security‚”might be uncomfortable but i’m safe”. it appropriate to change society norms to improve the society. Society norms should not be changed in regards to decreasing
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Health services managers are essentially interested in how costs are affected by changes in volume. Cost behavior refers to a cost ’s reactions to activity level. A cost may rise‚ fall‚ or remain constant as activity levels fluctuate. We can classify several types of costs on the basis of their relationship to the amount of services provided‚ often referred to as activity‚ utilization‚ or volume (Gapenski‚ 2012). When dealing with the future there is a level of uncertainty of volume with regard
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