There are benefits and drawbacks in increasing the size of operation of a business. The cost advantage is known as economies of scale. The cost disadvantage is known as disecomonies of scale. The benefits of large-scale business Economies of scale are the cost advantage from business expansion. As some firms grow in size their unit costs begin to fall because of: Purchasing economies when large businesses often receive a discount because they are buying in bulk. Marketing economies from spreading
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As both The Abbey and PAINAD scales are subjective tools‚ where assessment is something that is based on personal opinion or knowledge‚ the lack of training and guidance provided could cause results to be interpreted differently depending on who was undertaking the assessment (Buffum et al.‚ 2007). It was recognised that results were also dependent on prior knowledge of the individual themselves. A clinical study undertaken by Helfand and Freeman (2009) suggested that nursing staff involved in the
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who were rated the most-bullied performed substantially worse academically than their peers. Projecting the findings on grade-point average across all three years of middle school‚ a one-point increase on the four-point bullying scale was associated with a 1.5-point decrease in GPA for one academic subject (math) - a very large drop. This article by Stuart Wolpert shows that students who get bullied have hard time to focus on their studies. They feel like they are in danger all the time but most
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Chapter 5 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND SCALE DEVELOPMENT Naresh K. Malhotra‚ Georgia Institute of Technology Introduction This chapter describes the importance of a questionnaire and presents the process for developing questionnaires and observational forms. Guidelines for questionnaire construction are provided at each stage of the process. In addition‚ commonly used scaling techniques and use of questionnaires in experimentation are discussed and the design of observational forms is presented
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Reliability and Validity of the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale Texas A&M University Psychology 203 Introduction The purpose of our study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Rosenber Self-Esteem scale scores. Reliability is simply whether the measurement tool you are using measures something consistently. For example does the same test show the same results when administered repeatedly. Validity is the aspect of a measuring tool that signifies its measuring what it says it does
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Homework ES 1. (TCO 8) The historical returns on large-company stocks‚ as reported by Ibbotson and Sinquefield‚ are based on: (Points : 3) the largest 20 percent of the stocks traded on the NYSE. the stocks of the largest 10 percent of the publicly traded firms in the U.S. all of the stocks listed on the NYSE. the stocks of the 500 companies included in the S&P 500 index. 2. (TCO 8) If the financial markets are efficient‚ then: (Points : 3)
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Compiled by: Mirza Rohail B http://economicpakistan.wordpress.com/2008/01/27/large-scale-manufacturing/ The manufacturing sector grew at an average rate of 8 percent from the sixties to the eighties‚ but fell to 3.9 percent during the nineties. This was mainly caused by reduction in investment levels due to lack of continuity and consistency in policies. Political instability law and order position in the major industrial centers‚ transport bottlenecks‚ as well as unreliability and inadequate
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My findings of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale are somewhat alarming to me. I plan to establish a few healthier habits such as getting adequate sleep‚ exercising regularly‚ eating properly to deal with this results. According to Manning‚ Curtis‚ McMillen‚ and Attenweiler (2011)‚ there is a 79 percent chance of sickness in the near future if you have a score over 300 points which represent a serious threat to your well-being. Cancer or heart disease are chronic illnesses that people with the
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Many factors have influenced the rising crime rate‚ some being‚ increasing use of drugs‚ increasing population‚ and decreasing morals. America must find ways to decrease the crime rate legally. One question often going hand in hand with decreasing crime rate is would legalized gambling decrease the crime rate? During the late 1980’s and early 1990’s slow economic growth‚ cuts in federal funding‚ and growing public needs forced state and local governments to seek additional sources of revenue
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SMALL SCALE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT This programme comprises modules for learners who intend to start small businesses‚ or are already running some. They may choose those modules that are of interest to them‚ or do the entire programme. The courses enable learners to run businesses successfully and be able to source funds from financial institutions. Programme components There are a total of 10 modules‚ each divided into two topics. Learners who are interested in doing the entire programme leading
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