9.5 Manager’s Information Advantage 9.5.1 Earnings Management 9.5.2 Controlling Earnings Management 9.6 Discussion and Summary 9.7 Agency Theory: A Bondholder-Manager Lending Contract 9.8 Implications of Agency Theory for Accounting 9.8.1 Is Two Better Than One? 9.8.2 Rigidity of Contracts 9.9 Reconciliation of Efficient Securities Market Theory with Economic Consequences 9.10 Conclusions on the Analysis of Conflict Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Canada
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Q1: There are two different types of cost accounting systems: Job order cost systems and process cost systems. How does management decide whether to use a job order cost system or a process cost system in any given manufacturing situation? Explain. Job order cost system is used in situations where many different products are produced each period. For example‚ a Levi Strauss clothing factory would typically make many different types of jeans for both men and women during a month. A particular order
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acceptable quality level (AQL) the defect rate at which total quality costs are minimised account classification method (or account analysis) the process in which managers use their judgement to classify costs as fixed‚ variable or semivariable costs accounting rate of return (or simple rate of return‚ rate of return on assets‚ unadjusted rate of return or return on investment (ROI)) the average annual profit from a project‚ divided by the initial investment accumulation factor the value of (1 r)n used
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In- House Vs Outsourced Accounting Services We have mentioned time to time how important it is for a business entity to have a good accounting department and have up to date and accurate accounting books. A business entity will require an accounting information so as to enable it manage and control its finances and resources. It also needs it for it to be able to improve on its level of profit earning‚ should it realizes it is declining in its profitability level. But most small to midsized companies
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Compendium of Accounting Standards (including Interpretations as on July 1‚ 2006) THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA NEW DELHI COPYRIGHT © THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated‚ reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form either in whole or in part or by any electronic‚ mechanical or other means‚ including photocopying and recording‚ or in any information storage and retrieval system‚ without
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Accounting Theory There is always a reason behind each and every action of a human being. A man does not anything without any sound reason. Regarding Finance‚ or financial matters‚ a man is always extra cautious and so‚ he never makes any financial transaction without any reason. As accounting deals with financial transactions‚ so every accounting work is also based on reasoning. Accounting Theories always try to explain with reason‚ the logic underlying a particular practice. Generally Accepted
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CHAPTER 1 Managerial Accounting ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Brief Exercises 1 A Problems B Problems Study Objectives *1. Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting. Identify the three broad functions of management. Define the three classes of manufacturing costs. Distinguish between product and period costs. Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing income statement. Indicate how cost of goods manufactured is determined. Explain the difference
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Jim McFie‚ a Fellow of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya FASB (the Financial Accounting Standards Board‚ a US body) was the first organization to develop “Concepts Statements”. All the other “Concepts Statements” have been based on those developed by FASB. A new “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting” was worked on jointly by FASB and IASB (the International Accounting Standards Board) and was published simultaneously by FASB and IASB in September 2010. It deals with
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There are many links between accounting and sustainability including but not limited to the issues around reporting‚ relevance‚ risk management and compliance‚ measurement‚ auditing and stakeholder theory of sustainable issues. To first understand these links to accounting we need to know what sustainability means in this accounting context. Sustainability in accounting deals with the social and environmental side of accounting. Originally accounting only dealt with the economic side and making a
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Accounting Reporting Criteria Paper Accounting reporting criteria includes many factors and covers many elements. From Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts‚ “accounting is so important that it is often called the language of business. In fact‚ accounting affects not only individual businesses but also society as a whole” (Edmonds‚ Edmonds‚ McNair‚ Olds‚ & Schneider‚ 2006‚ p. 4). Global business requires added consideration in the way of accounting reporting criteria. With heightened consumer
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