Sound Arguments An argument is a series of statements meant to establish a claim. A statement is any explicit declarative statement about a fact. It says that something is (or isn’t) the case. A premise is a statement used in an argument to establish a claim. An argument is valid if its premises necessarily lead to its conclusion. An argument is sound if it is valid and that its premises are actually true. The two arguments by Socrates in The Apology being evaluated are as follows. Argument 1
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Argument: People need to be vigilant while shopping at San Antonio local Malls. Premise 1: People should be cognizant of his or her surroundings while shopping at local malls. Premise 2: Three local malls in San Antonio had incidents in the past two days. Conclusion: Therefore‚ people need to be vigilant while shopping at local malls in San Antonio. The deductive argument is true since premise 1 states people should be cognizant of his or her surroundings while shopping at malls. This argument
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which is the most essential ‘pure thought’ of what X is. To Plato‚ this Essence is eternal and unchanging‚ making it necessary and true. According to Plato we know X‚ if and only if we have a direct grasp of X’s form or essence. Let’s break this argument down. So Imagination is a state of mind which takes sensible moral notions at face value just as it does sensible appearances or forms of the world at face value. For
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Philosophy Homework 15/09/2011 Deductive Arguments: A deductive argument isn’t necessarily valid‚ it could be invalid. It also isn’t necessarily sound – it could be unsound. If the argument is valid and the premises are true then overall the argument is sound. You will always gain knowledge with a deductive argument. The first premise will link with the second premise in order to make a conclusion. Deductive arguments aren’t based on assumptions. Inductive Arguments: The premises are all true so
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versus Deductive Arguments – can concepts of (strength and cogency) and (validity and soundness) be used interchangeably? Unlike deductive arguments‚ inductive arguments are not truth preserving. That is‚ even if an inductive argument has a good logical form‚ it will never be the case that if the premises are true‚ the conclusion must be true. The most that an inductive argument can hope for is that it’s highly probable that its conclusion is true. In other words‚ a good inductive argument is such
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Construct a deductive argument that is valid but not sound. Then‚ construct a valid deductive argument that is sound. Be sure to put the argument in premise-conclusion form. Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. When responding to your classmates‚ consider why the sound deductive argument might be seen by some as being valid but not sound. Pistachios are very addictive‚ Mike eats a lot of pistachio ice cream because
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Deductive Reasoning In order to fully understand deductive reasoning‚ there are certain points to be noted. First‚ what is the nature of deductive reasoning? Logical strength is defined as the property of an argument whose premises‚ if true provide support for its conclusion. Deductive and inductive arguments are also distinguished based on the point that logical strength is a matter of degree. This distinction makes it necessary to understand the nature of deductive reasoning. Therefore‚ deductive
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Reliability is general rather than specific But validity is not general but specific. Reliability is necessary for validity because a test with score which fluctuates very much does not test anything. For example if a test of pronunciation measures pronunciation it is a valid test‚ instead of measures grammar and vocabulary. The test yields dependable scores that is if the scores do not fluctuate very much the test is reliable. means the scores obtained by a student will be close to the score she
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Erin Callihan‚ AIUSA‚ states that "Increased national security should not equate to decreased civil liberties. All people are entitled to due process and other basic human rights and constitutional protections" (Amnesty International). Racial Profiling‚ according to Amnesty International‚ occurs when race is used by law enforcement or private security officials‚ to any degree‚ as a basis for criminal suspicion in non-suspect specific investigations. The Constitution‚ which is arguably the most important
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Exploring Reliability and Validity E. HackShawnee State University Type of Reliability and Validity Used Upon examination of the Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual‚ it becomes clear what variables are working towards the reliability and validity of this study. The following paragraphs will entail those specific concepts. Validity After reading through the questionnaire‚ clarity develops in that two different types of validity are made distinct. Those two categories are
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