Functionalities of Financial Intermediaries 3 Maturity Transformation 3 Risk Transformation 4 Convenience Denomination 5 Advantages of Financial Intermediaries 6 Reconciling Conflicting Preferences of Lenders and Borrowers 7 Spreading and Reducing Investment Risks 8 Economies of Scale Reduces Costs 8 Economies of Scope Reduces Cost 9 Summary and Conclusion 10 Introduction Financial markets can often be considered as the collection of all potential buyers and sellers of various types of financial products
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Professional Ethics and financial statement disclosure: In a constructionist perspective Abstract This essay addresses the relationship between professional ethics and financial statement disclosure. The public should change its view on the objectivity of accounting profession because in no means can anyone be absolutely objective. The reason to this will be articulated thoroughly in the essay. Then how to maximize relative objectivity is discussed and
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Financial Reporting Accurate financial reporting is paramount to the establishment of a level playing field for businesses. It also aids in analyzing trends in business and the economy. The first part of the research paper should outline the different offices and bureaus of financial reporting and why they are significant. The second part of the research paper will present some positive and negative examples of financial reporting results and offer analysis about them. These examples can incorporate
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Financial distress‚ reorganization and bankruptcy You are required to explore‚ study and investigate the issues of financial distress‚ reorganization and bankruptcy of firms around the world‚ in particularly Malaysia and examined the factors that may have caused this phenomenon. Search for journal articles (at least 10) that are related to these topics and provide your comments and opinions in your write-up‚ not more than 10 pages. Financial distress can be defined as situation in which a company
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Appendix B: Financial analysis Financial analysis is the mean to clarify most important factors that affected Costco performance and resulted in companies’ success. In order to reach that goal‚ we studied financial performance of Costco for 2008 to 2012. These data obtained from different sources such as Costco annual reports and other respectable financial sources. At some levels comparison between leading companies in the industry such as Sam’s club and Bj’s has been made. The major problem that
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FINANCIAL CRISIS: WHERE DID RISK MANAGEMENT FAIL? Gabriele Sabato Royal Bank of Scotland1 Abstract The real estate market bubble and the subprime mortgages have been often identified as the causes of the current financial crisis‚ but this is not entirely true or‚ at least‚ they cannot be considered as the main cause. A poor regulatory framework based on the belief that banks could be trusted to regulate themselves is among the main sources of the crisis. At the same time‚ risk management
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Financial Management FINANCIAL INTERMEDIERIES IN PAKISTAN Definition: A financial intermediary is an institution‚ firm or individual who performs intermediation between two or more parties in a financial context. Typically the first party is a provider of a product or service and the second party is a consumer or customer. Financial Intermediaries are financial institutions that accept money from savers and use those funds to make loans and other financial investment in their
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FINANCIAL RATIOS Gross Profit to Sales (Gross Profit Ratio): profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and total net sales revenue. Gross margin/Net sales The gross margin is not an exact estimate of the company’s pricing strategy but it does give a good indication of financial health. Without an adequate gross margin‚ a company will be unable to pay its operating and other expenses and build for the future. In general‚ a company’s gross profit margin should be stable
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FINANCIAL RATIOS Financial ratios are indicators of a company’s performance as discernable from the company’s Balance Sheet and income Statement. We will discuss some of the simple ratios of a company and talk about their significance. Liquidity Ratios: Show the company’s ability to pay of its current liabilities from its current assets. 1. Current Ratio Current assets should be significantly higher than current liabilities so that the current ratio is higher than 2:1. 2. Quick Ratio
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practicing accountants. First of all‚ it is important to understand what accounting theory is and who the practicing accountants are. The practicing accountants should include those people who work in or relate to the accounting‚ such as the financial accountants‚ management accountants‚ auditors and regulators. Hendriksen (1970‚ p. 1) defined the accounting theory as: …logical reasoning in the form of a set of board principles that (1) provide a general framework of reference by which accounting practice
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