Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and diagnosis of phobic disorders (8 + 16 marks) A phobia is a persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable which must meet a set of criteria given in the DSM. A clinical diagnosis is made if there is no other possible physiological cause and if the symptoms cannot be better accounted for by another disorder. The individual also recognises their behaviour is unreasonable and the severity of the fear interferes with
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is direct investment into production or business in a country by a company in another country‚ either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Contents [hide] * 1 Definitions * 2 Types * 3 Methods * 4 Importance and barriers to FDI
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Methodologies and Research Design 18: Research Design IV: External Validity and Sampling Objectives • to unpack different types of external validity • to describe crucial issues in sampling - precision vs. representativeness vs. cost - probability vs. non-probability / ’judgement ’ • to describe stages in the process of sampling‚ and the possible intrusion of ‘bias’ • to describe methods of probability sampling and methods of non-probability sampling • to be able
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Describe and evaluate contemporary use of personality measurement and testing‚ focusing on issues of reliability and validity‚ using empirical evidence to support your arguments. Personality tests are widely used these days in both professional and informal settings. One may take a personality test online‚ for example; in order to determine how much like a film character they are‚ or they may take one in an employment process or clinical setting. This essay‚ however‚ will only be looking at formal
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problems is a stable characteristic‚ as it is largely genetically determined (Nairne‚ 2009). Test-retest is typically appropriate for measures with stable attributes‚ but this test’s novel nature makes it an inappropriate technique in regard to reliability. In effect‚ its novelty diminishes after the initial testing‚ producing difficulties due to practice effects‚ reactivity‚ or both. Since it has just 20 questions‚ furthermore‚ it is easier for examinees to remember a significant portion of its items
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Essay 3 This essay provides an analysis of the variables‚ statistical tests and methods used in the assigned research paper. The level of significance and the strengths and limitations of the data collection process were also reviewed. This study had several variables. One major independent variable is the qualitative questionnaire that was verbally given. In this scenario the dependent variable would be the measurement of the data that was collected. The process of a cause-effect relationship
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Audience sensitivity is to be mindful of the different groups of diversities that are present in a crowd. When presenting to an audience either with a speech or in a meeting you need to know your audience. Knowing the audience will ensure that the message is delivered appropriately and that the audience will completely understands the message without any misunderstandings or confusion. There are many things to consider with audience sensitivity such as; age‚ gender‚ and also demographics. Another
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Face validity refers to how a test ‘looks’ as it measure what it is meant to measure. For listening test‚ it is expected that the questions and test subject will require takers to listen to audio recordings. Face validity also includes other factors such as the setting of the examination and the equipment used (Hughes‚ 2007). Finally‚ criterion validity refers to the criteria wherein the results of the examination will be compared to (Hughes‚ 2007. The criteria used to evaluate the skills of students
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purpose of the study. To ensure that this was achieved‚ the survey needed to demonstrate validity and reliability. Validity‚ as described by Heale and Twycross (2015‚ 66)‚ examines whether the specific concept has been accurately measured. In contrast‚ according to Floss (2013‚1)‚ reliability refers to the consistency of the instrument to measure the concept. The instrument needed to feature external validity in order for the data collected to be generalised (Heale and Twycross 2015‚ 66). To ensure
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269557MaxeyEGT1 309.2.4-05-07 Melynda Maxey Cultural Sensitivity April 11‚ 2013 Due to the current import and export infrastructure we already have in place with China‚ I would like to make a recommendation that we look at this country for our new venture. Before making any decision toward this move there will be several cultural issues that must be addressed. Clearly there are differences between our two countries and I would like to mention ones that could affect our relationship
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