DETERMINING RATIO DECIDENDI – EFFICACY OF WAMBAUGH’S TEST I. INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an important sources of law. They are the former judgements of the superior courts which the judges in common law countries are bound to follow. This bindingness of previous decisions on the lower courts is partly due to high status which the judges enjoyed in England and also partly because of the importance of the issues which they decided. Judicial decisions were given a high authority as
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4 Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Theoretical background 8 1.1.1 Use and significance of Ratio Analysis 8 1.1.2 Limitations 11 1.1.3 Classifications of ratios 13 1.2 Research Methodology 33 1.2.1 Need for the study 33 1.2.2 Scope of the study 33 1.2.3 Objectives of the
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parmar on “Financial Efficiency-Modern methods‚ tools & Techniques” for the period from 1998-89 to 1994-95.He had made an attempt to analyze financial strength‚ liquidity‚ profitability‚ cost and sales trend and social welfare trend by using various ratios analysis‚ common size analysis and value added analysis. He made several suggestions for the improvement of profitability
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accessible and comprehensible. This very big data overload could seem astounding. Luckily‚ many well-tested ratios out there make the task a bit less daunting. Comparative ratio analysis helps you identify and quantify of the desert hotel company ’s strengths and weaknesses‚ evaluate its financial position‚ and understand the risks you may be taking. As with any other form of analysis‚ comparative ratio techniques are not definitive. Numerous off the balance sheet and income statement factors can play
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instances‚ its total investment. Financial leverage percentage= ROE-ROA 2011 2010 2009 Financial leverage percentage 1.69% 2.48% 1.22% In year 2009‚ the company have the lowest leverage ratio among the three years‚ thus it suggests that it utilizes relatively lowest debt in its capital structure this year‚ which indeed means Toyota has been investing most effectively (earning a high return on investment) or borrowing more effectively (paying
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RATIO ANALYSIS (ALL VALUES IN Rs. MILLION) 1. GROSS PROFIT MARGIN (%): GROSS PROFIT = NET SALES – COGS = TOTAL REVENUE – (Employee Benefit Expense + Operating and Other Expenses + Finance Costs) = 53107 – (22510+21598+1025) = 7974 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN = (NET SALES – COGS)/NET SALES = (7974/ 53107)*100 = 15.01497% 2. RETURN ON ASSET(RoA) RETURN ON ASSET = (PAT/TOTAL ASSET)*100 = (4606/63454)*100 = 7.258% This indicates that around 7.3% of all assets have been utilized
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Ratio | Industry benchmark ratio | Woolworths’ ratio | Brief Comment | Current Ratio | 1.2:1 | 0.80:1 | The current ratio ofWoolworth is considerablybelow industry average themovement from it is 33.33% (1.2-0.8)/1.2*100) Which is not really good for business | Liquid ratio | 0.7:1 | 0.34:1 | The Liquid ratio of Woolworth is considerably below industry average. The movement is 51.43 %. It is showed that the business may have problem in paying their debt.(0.7-0.34/0.7*100) | Gross Profit ratio
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FINANCIAL RATIOS Gross Profit to Sales (Gross Profit Ratio): profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and total net sales revenue. Gross margin/Net sales The gross margin is not an exact estimate of the company’s pricing strategy but it does give a good indication of financial health. Without an adequate gross margin‚ a company will be unable to pay its operating and other expenses and build for the future. In general‚ a company’s gross profit margin should be stable
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The article I chose is Solvency Ratio Analysis and Leveraging. This article tells about how solvency and leveraging are connected. It describes several ratios used to determine how a company is doing long-term. Company’s use debt and equity to start and keep their operations running. Owners or stockholders donate equity to build and maintain their company. Leverage is used to produce income and impacts a company’s long-term solvency. No matter what the economic situation is‚ a company needs to be
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The Golden Ratio The golden ratio is a unique number approximately equal to 1.6180339887498948482. The Greek letter Phi (Φ) is used to refer to this ratio. The exact value for the golden ratio is the following: ` A popular example of the application of the golden ratio is the Golden Rectangle. Interestingly enough‚ many artists and architects have proportioned their works to apply the golden ratio in the form of the golden rectangle. A golden rectangle is a rectangle where the ratio of the longer
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