Writing a TOK essay by Richard van de Lagemaat Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma Richard van de Lagemaat 978 0 521542 98 2 www.cambridge.org/uk/education/international/ib/tok/ For information on the author’s education consultancy service: www.inthinking.co.uk For information on the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: www.ibo.org/diploma/ © Cambridge University Press 2007 Writing a TOK essay ‘Most people would rather die than think; in fact they do so.’ BERTRAND RUSSELL
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a problem. That is what you are trying to do. A certain amount of humility is in order here. You are unlikely to come up with the definitive solution to the problem. To illuminate a problem is to do such things as: explain what the problem is and why it matters; clarify the meaning of key words; consider different ways of thinking about the problem; construct arguments and counterarguments; give examples; assess supporting evidence; explore implications; make relevant connections; and uncover hidden
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Once a person becomes familiar with them‚ they can identify logical fallacies in others’ arguments. A person can also avoid using logical fallacies or use them to their advantage to convince others of something differentiates the facts from the fallacies‚ this could help people make a better and more productive decision To define what a fallacy is one must understand what an argument is. An argument consists of one or more premises and one conclusion. A premise is a statement (a sentence
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9-17-13 Two forms of argument 1) Deductive= provides logically conclusive spport for the conclusion Valid-if the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false Invalid- it fail to provide support Sound-the argument is valid and the premises are all true Unsound- an argument with true premises that lead to a false conclusion 2) Inductive-provides probable support for the conclusion Strong-premises are true conclusion is probably true cogent-premises are true argument is strong Weak-in
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How Do I Write a Thesis Statement? What is a thesis statement? A thesis statement is a very specific argument that guides your paper. Generally‚ a thesis statement consists of two parts: 1. a clearly identifiable topic or subject matter‚ and 2. a succinct summary of what you have to say about that topic A thesis functions like the case a lawyer has to make to the judge and jury in a courtroom. An effective thesis statement explains to your reader the case you are going to make and how you are going to make it
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The exercise provided a great sense of bad arguments and the various fallacies. The quiz gave examples of fallacious appeals such as questionable authority‚ common belief; two wrongs do not equal a right‚ common practice‚ wishful thinking and indirect consequences. Generally speaking the multiple choice answers were tricky as most of the choices were very similar in content and form. The trick to identifying the correct answer is found in previous reading and looking forward. Key words or the
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Identify the criteria for the fallacy. (1 Mark) Step 2 of the process of analyzing fallacies consists of defining the fallacy = explaining the conditions under which the fallacy occurs Consists of misrepresenting an opponent’s position or argument‚ usually for the purpose of making it easier to attack. 4. Show how this particular fallacy fits the criteria. (2 Marks) The fallacy reports back an incorrect‚ exaggerated version of what Senator Biddle said. Senator Biddle said that we
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outline the structure of the argument‚ and perhaps cover some of the arguments. The last speaker should concentrate on summarising the arguments and rebutting the opponents� arguments. Achieving a high mark requires that your group: � shows a good understanding of the question and its importance‚ � demonstrates that you have researched the issue and identified the main arguments in support of your side of the question‚ � makes persuasive arguments for your side of the question
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Fallacies are all around us. Daily‚ when we watch TV‚ listen to the radio‚ or even read newspaper‚ we see or hear fallacies. But what is fallacy? According to Wikipedia “A fallacy is an argument that uses poor reasoning. An argument can be fallacious whether or not its conclusion is true”. Fallacies are part of everyday and become a basic in certain aspects of life. According to the writing center of UNC‚ there are a lot of fallacies. Here is some of fallacies look likes: Hasty generalization
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The argument which I am focusing on is titled “No One Knowingly Does Evil” and is written by Socrates. This argument concludes that those who do evil things do them involuntarily. That is‚ people do not necessarily want to do evil things‚ but do them against their will. A very important point is presented by Socrates in that evil deeds are not done willingly. It is thought by many that some people are simply evil-natured and commit evil deeds because they want to. However‚ Socrates is arguing
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