systems Portal frame and skeletal systems consist of linear elements (beams‚ columns) of different shapes and sizes‚ combined to form the skeleton of a building. They are very suitable for buildings‚ which need a high degree of flexibility. This is mainly because of the possibility to use large spans and to achieve open spaces without interfering walls. There are two basic types: The portal frame‚ consisting of columns and roof beams‚ and used for single-storey retail warehousing and industrial manufacturing
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results are listed in the appendix at the end. Structures: Collapse of Portal Frame Structures: Collapse of Portal Frame TABLE OF CONTENTS: 0. Symbols 1. Development of a Plastic Hinge 2. Discussion 3.1 Cantilever Arm 3.2 Beam Mechanism 3.3 Sway Mechanism 3.4 Combined Mechanism 3. Interaction Diagram 4. Bending Moment Diagrams 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography 7. Appendix 0. Symbols b Width (mm) d Thickness (mm) h Height (mm) W Vertical
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compare with theoretical predictions obtained using the Euler and Rankine-Gordon equations. 2. Theory The method of obtaining the buckling stresses followed was to use data show in Appendix A. From the record of applied load‚ P‚ against deflection‚ δ‚ a Southwell plot of δ against δ/P can be drawn. The gradient of the Southwell plot yields the buckling load of the particular strut. The dimensions of each strut are given and therefore the experimental critical stresses can be
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2. The uniform bar has a mass per unit length of 60 kg/m. Determine the reactions at the supports. Ans. Ay = 3060 N‚ By = 2060 N. 3. The uniform angle bar with equal legs has a mass of 20 kg and is supported in the vertical plane as shown. Calculate the force FA supported by the pin at A. Ans. FA = 277 N. 4. Determine the reactions at A and E if P=500 N. What is the maximum value that P may have for static equilibrium? Neglect the weight of the structure compared
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Sensors for Robots An overview Václav Hlaváč Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department of Cybernetics Czech Republic http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~hlavac Courtesy to several authors of presentations on the web. Lecture outline 2 Note: students graduated from the bachelor KyR studied sensors in the course Sensors and Measurement. This subject was not specialized to robotics. Motivation‚ why robots need sensors? Robotic sensor
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what is known as buckling. There are several different types of buckling that can take place in objects and those are described as below. Flexural buckling is a special form of buckling that takes place in a special compression member facing a deflection because of the bending of flexure. It occurs mostly in a straight column when the stable equilibrium gets distorted at the critical load. The buckling is shown to occur mainly at the axis and demonstrates significantly small radius of gyration.
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DETERMINATE BEAM AND FRAMEWORK Objective: 1. To Sketch diagram of influence line for reactions‚ shear force and moment for: a. Simply supported beam b. Simply supported beam with one end overhanging c. Simply supported beam with both ends overhanging. 2. To calculate shear force and moment using influence line 3. To determine maximum shear force and moment 4. Calculate Absolute Maximum Moment (MMM) 4.1 INTRODUCTIONS: Influence line is to: Analysis a structure due to moving load along the beam. Show
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spectrometers only work with positive ions. Stage 2: Acceleration The ions are accelerated so that they all have the same kinetic energy. Stage 3: Deflection Generally only univalent ions are present‚ so the only variable would be their masses and thus deflection is based on their mass on charge ratio (m/z) ratio. Stage 4: Detection The beam of ions passing through the machine is detected electrically. What the mass spectrometer output looks like The output from the chart recorder is usually
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Table of Contents Introduction 2 1. Response spectrum analysis 3 1.1 Design Acceleration Response spectrum 3 1.2 Fundamental period of the building 6 1.3 Mass of the building 8 1.4 Calculation of base shear 11 1.5 Distribution of base shear 12 2. Conceptual design 14 2.1 Importance of conceptual design 14 3. LUSAS model 15 3.1 Initial mathematical model 15 Shear force diagrams – x-direction (fy) 16 Shear force diagrams – Y-direction (fZ) 17 Bending moment diagrams – x-direction (MZ) 18 Bending moment
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heights and spans will continue in the future. How can engineers cope with the ever-increased heights and spans‚ and design structures with sufficient stiffness? The basic theory of structures provides the conceptual relationships between span (L)‚ deflection (∆)‚ stiffness (K) and natural frequency (f) for a single-span structure carrying distributed loads as follows: D = c1 = c2 L4 K f = c3 K = c 4 L2 ...(1) ...(2) This definition of stiffness provides a means of calculating or estimating the stiffness
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