Describe and evaluate social explanations of aggression. Aggression can be defined in many different ways. Bandura suggests that it is the intent to cause harm to another human being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. One of the main social psychological explanations of aggression comes from Bandura and Walters in 1963. He suggests that aggression is learned either indirectly; through observational learning and only replicated if vicarious reinforcement occurs‚ or directly- where aggressive
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CROWDS AND VIOLENCE Deindividuation: [“Individuation” coined by Jung: a process of individuation for development of personality] Historical Research: Le Bon (1890s) When individuals “descend” in a crowd‚ they become creatures of instinct‚ barbarians (Contagion theory‚ anonymity) Festinger (1952) Individuals who sat in dim light more likely to use bad language when discussing erotic material than individuals who were not. Zimbardo (1969) Stanford Prison Experiments: Individuals dressed
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occurring? B) 4 * parametric studies * Masami‚ a Japanese female * Autokinetic effect * Deindividuation is the tendency of people to engage in atypical behaviour when stripped of their usual identities. * Zimbardo concluded from his Stanford prison study that prisoners and guards adopted their designated roles more easily than anyone might have imagined because of deindividuation. * The Indianapolis Colts * Except openness to differing opinions * Finding holes in all
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Part 1: Essay This essay will explore how deindividuation theory might explain the looting behaviour that can sometimes accompany crowd riots. The core concepts and assumptions of the deindividuation theory will be critically evaluated. The potential strengths and limitations of this theory will be considered‚ as an explanation of crowd looting. The social identity approach on crowd behaviour will be used in contrast of the deindividuation approach. Research and evidence will be used from social
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Zimbardo (1973) Aim/ Hypothesis | To investigate the process of Deindividuation by simulating an authentic prison environment. | Method/ Experiment | A simulation of a prison was created in the basement of Stanford University‚ 24 male participants were recruited. One group were given the role as the guards and the other group were the prisoners. Both the guards and prisoners were deindividuated and became anonymous in their group. On arrival they were put into suits with an ID number on the
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ch 1. Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of: (Points : 1) a. frustration on aggression. b. groupthink on social conflict. c. deindividuation on the bystander effect. d. team membership on social loafing. e. role-playing on attitude change. | 2. Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates: (Points : 1) a. the
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Outline and evaluate social psychological theories of aggression Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory is based on the fact that people learn from one another‚ via observation‚ imitation‚ and modeling. Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous mutual interaction between cognitive‚ behavioral‚ and environmental influences. Outline of research: Bobo Doll experiment The Bobo doll experiment was conducted by Bandura and studied patterns of behaviour associated
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as obedience to authority and deindividuation have shown that in some cases‚ an individual can be made to act in direct opposition to their morals and ethics. Studies conducted by Milgram (1963) on obedience have shown that if an individual is ordered to do something by someone who is perceived to be in power‚ it is possible that they will do it‚ even if it is something the person does not believe is right. Also‚ studies conducted by Zimbardo (1973) on deindividuation have shown that a normally healthy
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decreasing the uniqueness spread amongst the group. Deindividuation is the perceived loss of individuality and personal responsibility that can occur when someone participates as part of a group. Deindividuation can occur in varied instances in police force‚ the military‚ sports teams‚ gangs‚ cults‚ and social organizations. Although they may seem very different on the surface‚ these groups share many traits that make them conducive to deindividuation. All of the examples share the strong drive towards
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Dickens’ techniques‚ which present both the dehumanization and deindividuation of the mob‚ makes the reader question the relationship between the two. The passage begins‚ “There could not be fewer than five hundred people‚ and they were dancing like 5000 demons‚” (1-2). Established in this is demonic imagery‚ in an otherwise
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