The 18th century is often referred to as the Age of Reason or the Age of Enlightenment. This is because the Enlightenment is a period of history in which there were dramatic revolutions in science‚ philosophy‚ society‚ and politics. These revolutions were to get rid of the medieval world-view and to “enlighten” society to become modern. Though the Enlightenment can be seen as an age against religion in general‚ it is more against features of religion‚ such as superstition‚ enthusiasm‚ fanaticism
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The most striking difference between the Francis Bacon’s Aphorisms‚ Thomas Paine’s Age of Reason‚ the letter of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu‚ and the writing prior to the Glorious Revolution‚ is reason as evidence for their assertions. During the English Revolution‚ God figured prominently into the arguments of the Diggers‚ Levellers‚ and Revolutionary Women. They justified their claims for political and social equality on the notion that all are created equal in God’s image. Individuals of the Scientific
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Middle Ages‚ such as Thomas Aquinas and Anselm of Canterbury. With the new science and philosophy of the Enlightenment‚ however‚ unbelief began to be seen as a viable alternative option that stood in opposition to faith. In addition to the popular deism of the Enlightenment‚ espoused by such important figures as Voltaire and Maximilien Robespierre‚ atheism also found its first explicit adherents among such figures of the French Enlightenment as Baron d’Holbach and Jacques André Naigeon. This new view
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favoring the execution of Louis XVI. During his time in jail‚ he began to write the first part of “The Age of Reason” and when he was bailed out of jail‚ he stayed in France continuing on to the second part of “The Age of Reason.” Here‚ he defends deism and deeply writes about anti-Christianity and the mind of free thoughts What does the primary source say? He wrote this pamphlet so that many people can realize they have the right to be free mentally‚ physically‚ and spiritually. The pamphlet was
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Since the very first colony was founded in 1607 in Jamestown‚ Virginia‚ religion played a very important role in America. Nine of the thirteen colonies had established churches. Having an established church meant you paid taxes for the support of that church whether or not you were a member. The colonies with official state or established churches of the Congregational (Puritan) church denomination consisted of Maine‚ Connecticut‚ and Vermont. Colonies that remained a part of the original Church
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Rationalism: Rene Descartes (math)- humans‚ by reason alone‚ can discover universal truths Sir Isaac Newton- Mechanical science. All truth found in nature‚ rejection of supernatural religion. Emphasis is placed on principles of deduction (1687) Deism: The clockmaker God; God made the world‚ then he let it alone‚ no divine intervention **Optimism: 1) Founder= Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz: German mathematician and scientist. World is organized to a pre-established harmony. There is a reason for
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"Terror is nought but prompt‚ severe‚ inflexible justice; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is less a particular principle than a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to the most pressing needs of the fatherland."Maximillien Marie Isidore de Robespierre Address‚ National Convention‚ 1794 Louis XIV "L’état‚ c’est moi" - "I am the state". Demonstrates his ABSOLUTIST POWER and his belief in divine right of kings. Henry IV "Paris is worth a mass". He converted from
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Throughout the Enlightenment there was a great emphasis upon liberty‚ democracy‚ republicanism and religious tolerance. Attempts to resolve science and religion resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy‚ miracle and revealed religion in preference for Deism-especially by Thomas Paine in "The Age of Reason" and by Thomas Jefferson in his short Jefferson Bible-from which all supernatural aspects were removed. Benjamin Franklin was influential in America‚ England‚ Scotland‚ and France‚ for his political
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To My Dear and Loving Husband Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet was the first poet and the first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published. Her first volume of poetry was The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America‚ published in 1650. She was born March 20‚ 1612 in Northampton‚ Massachusetts and died September 16‚ 1672 in Andover. She was married to Simon Bradstreet. When they married‚ she was 16 and he was 25. Mrs. Bradstreet’s works are also considered to represent the
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allowed the universe to operate by natural law. Paine argued that the New World was discovered shortly before the Reformation and the Puritans had believed that God wanted to give them a safe haven from the religious persecution they faced in Britain. Deism was not popular until the Revolution when Paine said it was natural to throw off the rule of King George III‚ and declare their independence. Paine appeals to the public with his vast knowledge in Common Sense. In his pamphlet he emphasizes
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