Line organization is the most oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization‚ the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern. The line of command is carried out from top to bottom. This is the reason for calling this organization as scalar organization which means scalar chain of command is a part and parcel of this type of administrative organization. In this type of organization‚ the line of command flows on an even basis without any gaps
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25 people aged between under 18 to 30 and above in Gothenburg‚ it is evident that alcohol is an inelastic good as 88% said they would keep buying alcohol even if the prices rose. This proves that as the price rises‚ the quantity demanded for the demerit good‚ alcohol‚
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up. This case corresponds to a downward movement along the demand curve as the price increase acts as a signal to consumer to lower their consumption. INTERVENING to a MARKET of a DEMERIT GOOD Evaluate the proposition that government intervention in the market for Tobacco is justified. Tobacco is a demerit good which costs more than what people may be aware of. So if left to the market forces they are overproduced. Actual optimum level of output for tobacco is misled due to its negative
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ORGANIZATIONAL RESTRUCTURING FOR WHITLAM MEMORIAL HOSPITAL INTRODUCTION Health care organizations are complex and dynamic. These organizations were created to achieve the goals that were beyond the reach of any single individual. However‚ some healthcare managers are appointed to position of authority where they shape the organization and help them run smoothly. But providing health care services on large scale for the whole community is not easy. For things to run smoothly‚ services effectively
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based on what decision is taken with reference to the situation. Consequently‚ different traits of a person would be brought out using an observation perspective. Case study as a method of studying personality comes with various merits as well as demerits. The biggest advantage associated with this method is that it enables and takes problem solving to a higher level. This method also creates new knowledge in various dimensions as well as plays a crucial role in testing a particular hypothesis. The
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productivity increased even when the level of illumination was decreased. It was concluded that factors other than light were also important. Part II - Relay Assembly Test Room Study (1927-1929) Under these test two small groups of six female telephone relay assemblers were selected. Each group was kept in separate rooms. From time to time‚ changes were made in working hours‚ rest periods‚ lunch breaks‚ etc. They were allowed to choose their own rest periods and to give suggestions. Output increased
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* Merits and Demerits of Digital technology in still photography. Digital Technology: A digital system is a technology that uses discrete‚ discontinuous representations of information or works in a discontinuous manner. This is contrasted with continuous‚ or analog systems which behave in a continuous manner‚ or represent information using a continuous function. Although digital representations are discrete‚ the information represented can be either discrete‚ such as numbers and letters or continuous
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and so it follows that the free market has not maximized the value of economic activity. In these situations‚ the government intervenes to correct the market failure. One area of market failure is often seen with the externalities of merit and demerit goods. Sometimes people do not realize‚ or ignore the costs‚ of doing something related to their consumption of these goods that have negative externalities. When there becomes an over consumption of these goods in the free market‚ the government
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Weaknesses of modern democracy Political science 202 01/01/2013 “Democracy is the worst form of government‚ except for all those others that have been tried from time to time.” These are the words used by Sir Winston Churchill while he was expressing his resolve with democracy. Democracy is the dominant form of government in the world with the exception of a few countries. In Sir Winston’s statement‚ the phrase‚ “except all those others that have been tried from time to
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CENTRALISATION AND DECENTRALISATION INTRODUCTION Centralisation and decentralisation are very important concepts of prganisation. They explain the manner in which the decision making authority’ is distributed or delegated among various levels of the organization. The concept of centralisation and decentralisation deals with the distribution of overall organizational authority. Centralization is that condition where in much of decision making authority is retained at the top of management authority
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