Common Law and Equity A) Explain the history of Common Law. The common law developed because the legal system in England and Wales couldn’t rely only on customs. It wasn’t until after the Norman Conquest in 1066 that a more organised system of courts was created. William the Conqueror set up the Curia Regis (The Kings Courts) and appointed his own judges. These judges were also sent to major towns to decide any important cases. When Henry II came to throne in 1154-1189 tours became
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The concepts of equity‚ access and equality are difficult to define and understand. They present complex issues for discussion and provide individuals and society with significant challenges. (Craig Crossley 2013). Figueroa’s Framework is a framework that the sociology of sport is based on. There are five levels in which this framework is basis. Those levels include: Cultural‚ Structural‚ Institutional‚ Interpersonal and Individual Levels. The framework developed by Professor Peter Figueroa
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not up-to-date with objectives‚ processes‚ progress‚ performance plans Hourly staff don’t respect the owners Increased workload with no compensation Loss of commitment‚ motivation‚ and job security among employees New management brought it while problems are still effecting the day-to-day functions of the organization Merit process isn’t liked Restrictions on merit raises by head office Union involvement Flawed gain-share plan Merit raises go to salaried‚ non-union staff Merit raises for
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Pay systems Introduction Pay is a key factor affecting relationships at work. The level and distribution of pay and benefits can have a considerable effect on the efficiency of any organisation‚ and on the morale and productivity of the workforce. It is therefore vital that organisations develop pay systems that are appropriate for them‚ that provide value for money‚ and that reward workers fairly for the work they perform. Pay systems are methods of rewarding people for their contribution to
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men and women both do the amount of work. This is alarming since if in over a hundred years the United States has not solved a simple human rights issue‚ then what will happen when a major humanitarian issue arises. The other disquieting thought from pay inequality is that still a significant portion of the United States dismisses this issue as being nonexistent. Martin Luther King ‚Jr has said‚ “Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.”
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Get the beta of equity from the two comparable companies Orange and Tomy by estimating regression of returns on the market return. Unlever these equity beta using the actual capital structure of these companies to get their asset beta Take the equally- or value-weighted average of asset beta across the two comparable companies The case state that the upgrade will increase risk by 50% Take asset beta estimated in the question above‚ and increase it by 50% Estimate the market historical return using
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DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD Financial leverage means acquiring assets using funds provided by creditors and preferred stockholders to improve Return on Equity (ROE) of a company rather than utilizing owners’ equity. If a company can borrow money at a rate lower than the return on assets or ROI then the owners’ equity position will be improved. This occurs because less of the equity is required to purchase the assets. It is a double-edged sword and may be positive or negative. • A positive financial leverage is a
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value of performance related pay Currently‚ many companies are utilizing the performance related pay (PRP) scheme. The PRP is often regarded as an effective method to achieve a better performance in both individual and collective terms. In the study of Cutler and Waine (1999)‚ PRP affords employees with opportunities to increase return after the performance appraisal. It is quite different with certain salary schemes‚ such as those offering an automatic increase in pay but despite employees’ real
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progressive nation is when its statistics show that its popula¬tions has a high life expectancy; that is that they can live longer than their forefathers. The longer the life expectancy of a nation; the better that nation. All these show that it is in the human consciousness to want to live for a long period of time. The question now is whether this is always desirable. Seen in the light of the individual‚ longer life expectancy certainly seems desirable. Almost everyone would like to live and enjoy life
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| Table of Contents Cost of Capital 2 Value of Equity 2 Cost of Equity 2 CAPM Model 2 Dividend Growth Model 3 Value of Debt 3 Cost of Debt 4 WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) 4 Comparison to Joanna Cohen’s Analysis 4 Financial Statement Analysis 5 Nike Inc. 5 Financial Ratios 6 Leverage Ratios 6 Efficiency Ratios 6 Liquidity Ratios 7 Profitability Ratios 7 Valuation Ratios 7 Conclusion 8 Appendix A – Ratio Calculation 9 Leverage Ratios 9 Efficiency Ratios 9 Liquidity Ratios
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