foreign-controlled firms in India‚ and evaluates the contribution of foreign investment over the last five decades. We assess the impact of government policy towards foreign capital‚ and outline policy implications for the future. Keywords: India‚ foreign direct investment‚ MNCs‚ reform JEL classification: F21‚ F23‚ L6 Foreign investment in India Private Foreign Investment in India* August 1999 Abstract Private foreign capital‚ whose presence in Indian industry was long regarded with concern and
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Pharmaceutical Advertising Americans constantly see advertisements on TV‚ in magazines‚ and on websites about prescription drugs encouraging viewers to recommend prescription drugs to their doctors that they may not even need. In 2007‚ the average American watched approximately sixteen hours of pharmaceutical advertisements per year (Mulligan). Even though these commercials may seem funny or just annoying‚ they impact how we think about how prescription drugs are (or should be) marketed
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characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and abuse and by long-lasting chemical changes in the brain. Addiction is the same irrespective of whether the drug is alcohol‚ amphetamines‚ cocaine‚ heroin‚ marijuana‚ or nicotine. Every addictive substance induces pleasant states or relieves distress. Continue use of addictive substances induces adaptive changes in the brain that lead to tolerance‚ physical dependence‚ uncontrollable craving and‚ all too often‚ relapse. Dependence is at such a point that stopping is
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Limitations of Advertising Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma July 21‚ 2010 Limitations of Advertising: Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Marketing practices in the contemporary western society have been a hotbed of ethical debate for a long time. The ethical analysis required for this case revolves around the issue of marketing‚ and more specifically relates to advertising. The overall ethical dilemma is whether or not I should‚ in the role of a senior marketing manager of a soft drink
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Culture and Advertising Executions: A Comparison of Selected Characteristics of Korean and US Television Commercials Gordon E. Miracle Michigan State University‚ USA Kyu Yeol Chang Pepperdine University‚ USA‚ and Charles R. Taylor Villanova University‚ USA Introduction This article focuses on important questions of creative strategy relative to how soon‚ how long and how often to present the brand‚ company name and product in commercials. A review of the literature reveals that no comparative studies
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consider a model of a TV oligopoly where TV channels transmit advertising and viewers dislike such commercials. We show that advertisers make a lower profit the larger the number of TV channels. If TV channels are sufficiently close substitutes‚ there will be underprovision of advertising relative to social optimum. We also find that the more viewers dislike ads‚ the more likely it is that welfare is increasing in the number of advertising financed TV channels. A publicly owned TV channel can partly
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considered to be some of the most effective forms of marketing and communication. Adverts are regarded to be central strategic tools for any company to market and promote its products‚ as they have the power to communicate a certain kind of message to consumers‚ which any other text or news story may or may not have. Let us take a very simple example where you see a small advert with a catchy line for the brand Ralph Lauren‚ on your ‘facebook’ homepage. At first‚ you may not pay full attention to the advertisement
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A. How can marketers use measures of recognition and recall to study the extent of Consumer learning? Advertisers have long been interested in isolating stimulus factors and associated receiver reactions that affect advertising effectiveness. There is an unresolved debate about the relative merits of recall and recognition‚ two commonly used measures of ad effectiveness. There is also an inadequate understanding of the differential impact of ad characteristics and reactions on recall and recognition
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1321 Billboard Advertising In the event of choosing the most effective way to market your company‚ I believe that using billboard advertising is the best way to invest your money. Do you ever wonder if you’re really getting the most out of your marketing campaign? In all of those mediums‚ your ad is there one day (or month) and gone the next...with little lasting impression unless you remarket through that medium. In our technology-driven media environment in which the consumer has access to satellite
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Advertising may have some good points‚ as we know‚ but advertising is really just a necessary evil. Advertising has its own fair share of negative effects. While some are obvious to those with a more scrutinizing eye‚ most of advertising’s potentially harmful facets go undetected. How do you think advertisements have affected consumers or What are the negative effect of advertising? Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade its viewers‚ readers or listeners to take some action
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