divided into three main branches: metaphysics‚ the study of the nature of existence; epistemology‚ the study of knowledge and truth; and ethics‚ the study of morals. One of the first philosophers to look at these fields is Plato (427BCE-347BCE)‚ whose writings are incredibly influential. Plato’s work lays the fundament for philosophy because of his cohesive contributions to the fields of metaphysics‚ epistemology‚ and ethics. Firstly‚ Plato’s work with Forms greatly influences metaphysics. He contributes
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Notes on Ecosystemic Psychology EPISTEMOLOGY Definition: Epistemology is the study of knowledge‚ especially regarding its validity‚ methods‚ scope and distinguishing between justified belief and opinion. Example: The investigation of memory‚ conception and reasoning in cognitive Psychology. THEORY Definition: A set of ideas or statements that attempt to explain facts or phenomena. Speculation or abstract thought. Example: Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development‚ Freud’s
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have formed their own theories of God‚ existence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian philosophers to be discussed will include Descartes‚ Spinoza‚ and Leibniz. And the Aristotelian philosophers will include Locke‚ Berkeley and Hume. Plato‚ a philosopher of the 17th century‚ contended that "Opinion at its best is a matter of probability‚ and knowledge at its least is entirely sure
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The Truman Show and Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” both provide a great example of what humans perceive as truth and reality. They portray the fact that humans assume that wherever they find themselves presently is the real world regardless of their lives only being as it presents to them. The Truman Show introduces the film’s protagonist‚ Truman Burbank‚ as a man trapped in a alternate reality he perceives as his actual reality. The Allegory of the Cave is a symbol for the contrasts between ideas
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doubt true that Descartes had dreamt in the past and that his knowledge that he had done so was partly what he was going on in acknowledging the possibility of his dreaming on this particular occasion. But neither the fact of past dreams nor knowledge of their actual occurrence would seem to be strictly required in order to grant what Descartes relies on – the possibility of dreaming‚ and the absence of knowledge if that possibility were realized. (p. 17) -Yes: E.M. Curley (Descartes Against the Skeptics):
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Great philosophers such as Plato‚ Socrates and Descartes developed theories thousands of years ago which changed the thought processes of many. These theories today are still influencing the lives of others. The Matrix‚ a very well-known movie released in 1999‚ retelling Plato’s theory‚ questioned the existence of reality and /or what we perceive as reality. The Matrix‚ Plato’s ‘Allegory of the Cave’ and Descartes ‘Meditation I’‚ all have similar views on reality‚ illusion and
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‘How do we know what is real?’ The human race has come to know what reality is through our empirical belief regarding the information gathered by our senses‚ skepticism by doubting out beliefs in order to sift through to the truth and epistemology regarding knowledge to enlighten ourselves with the truth. All of these are philosophical because they are all philosophical branches. The Matrix illustrates the philosophical question of reality versus illusion. Empirical belief is a method that has
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3RD WRITING ASSIGNEMENT In a really famous “Discourse of the Method”‚ Descartes is basically teaching us how to think like a real philosopher‚ and giving us information about his education‚ sufficient rules of logic‚ moral code‚ and how these moments are shaping the founding of the Cogito. Descartes is trying to build a new foundation through the entire treatise‚ and demolish the old foundation. In the first part Descartes is talking about his opinion about education and good sense. He tells us
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Epistemology – The Study of Knowledge Jeff Castro PHI 200 Dr. Akins February 4‚ 2013 Epistemology – The Study of Knowledge The study of knowledge has always been the journey toward truth and understanding. Epistemology deals with the creation and distribution of knowledge in certain areas of inquiry. Humans should be free to gain‚ study and question knowledge and claims without repercussions in any social‚ cultural or religious setting. As we move forward in our understanding of
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main branches of thought have arisen over the centuries that have tried to answer this question: Rationalists and Empiricists. The Rationalists argue that humans can acquire knowledge outside of the senses and experience; the French philosopher Descartes falls into this category. While the other branch‚ The Empiricists‚ argue that all knowledge is dependent on the senses and experience; the English Enlightenment Philosopher John Locke argues in favor of this view. The subject of Innatism‚ specifically
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