Socrates is known as the father of Western Philosophy and Descartes is known as the father of Modern Philosophy. Both are key members in shaping the world today. Socrates taught us to question everything and about critical thinking. Descartes taught us that humans are thinkers and that true knowledge is acquired through reason. Their lessons have inspired many different people who have made a foot print in history. Even today‚ one can see their influence guiding our information. Socrates has taught
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Socrates and Descartes on Dualism Dualism means the complete separation of the mental world and the physical world. In philosophy‚ it is the theory that the universe is explicable only as a whole composed of two distinct and mutually exclusive factors: the mind and the body. Socrates and Plato are called dualists because they think that mind and body are separate and distinct substances. Mind is conscious and non-spatial and body is spatial but not conscious. While separate‚ these two substances
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Introduction (33–36)‚ Descartes argues that our senses must be trustworthy because ideas that are innate to us‚ but defective‚ would not have been built into us by a God that is perfect (36). He shows this by first arguing for the existence of God‚ and from there he deduces that all of our clear and distinct ideas are innate and entirely trustworthy (36). By proving that all of our clear and distinct ideas are caused by God and that God is an infinite and perfect (non-deceptive) being‚ Descartes believes that
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own regard. One of the most significant of these individuals was Rene Descartes. Rene Descartes was an admirable individual due to his contributions to philosophy‚ his remarkable findings in mathematics‚ and his explanations of the physical world that are still relevant today. Descartes came up with the philosophical arguments of Cartesian doubt‚ the Mind-Body problem‚ and Cartesian certainty. In regards to Mathematics‚ Descartes discovered numerous principles and theorems that paved the way for future
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For Descartes‚ you cannot be sure of one’s existence or its reality so first you must doubt it. But as we see through his work Meditations on First Philosophy‚ we are presented by his loosening grip on his own sanity since he had continued to doubt and never accepting to believe in other realities but only is certain of his own existence. Descartes gave the awareness that to doubt is to know and to know is to doubt. He had known that he exists because he can think‚ and he cannot doubt that he can
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Descartes’ Mind-Body Dualism It can be very simple. Just look at the world and ask yourself‚ “Is everything material? Or are there things in the world that are not material‚ but I still know actually exist?” Then‚ ask yourself a second question‚ “How can I reach at a definition so that the two cannot be mistaken for one another other?” Descartes defined every material thing as having an extension‚ which is another way of saying it occupies space. Furthermore‚ those material things cannot share that
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There are three standard ways in which we apply the word “know”: 1. I know who a person is‚ 2. I know how to do something‚ and 3. I know that something is the way it is. The third of the previously listed kinds of knowledge is the propositional case: “I know that” is followed by a proposition. For example‚ “I know that I am now typing up my précis”. Hospers discusses the propositional condition of knowledge. There are three essential components to propositional knowledge: truth‚ belief‚ and
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The mind-body debate works to answer the following question: What is the bond between the mind and body? Descartes claims: “the fact that I can vividly and clearly think of one thing apart from another assures me that the two things are distinct from one another - that is‚ that they are two.” This notion of the mind and body claims humans to have both physical properties (the body and brain) and mental properties (the mind). The physical properties being: sensation‚ reproduction‚ movement‚ etc.
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Understanding Descartes’ Method of Doubt Clear your mind‚ if you will‚ of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes’ method of doubt‚ you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate "for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought." (Kolak‚ Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs‚ Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplish
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Ghassemi 1 Seena Ghassemi Mr. Hindley ENG3U December 10‚ 2012 How Evil Spawns Evil: by Seena Ghassemi The Chemistry of Death by Simon Beckett serves as an excellent example of how humans can succumb to evil‚ and thus corruption. This book tells the story of David Hunter‚ who moved away from London a small village called Manham‚ in the United Kingdom‚ after losing his wife and daughter in a car crash. He worked in Manham as a General Practitioner for his employer‚ Henry Maitland‚ who is
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