Introduction In many recent studies‚ it has a growing concern whether pecking order or trade-off theory can give better determination on firms’ “optimal” capital structure in different scenarios. In trade-off theory‚ it helps to determine the debt proportion and maintain optimal balance in order to maximise company’s market value. However‚ pecking order theory promotes that companies tend to issue debts when company has internal financial deficit or deviation from target capital leverage. Hence
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------------------------------------------------- Quality of Working Life and related concepts: job satisfaction‚ workplace stress and quality of life Whilst there has‚ for many years‚ been much research into job satisfaction‚[1] and‚ more recently‚ an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being‚[2] the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation‚ wherein it is assessed
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Explain the approach of Situation Ethics to moral decision making. (35) Situation ethics is a teleological approach to ethics based on the teachings of American Theologian Joseph Fletcher who thought it was unwise to follow fixed rules as it does not take the whole situation into account. It contrasts to the Roman Catholic Churches teaching of Natural Law where rules about right and wrong are deducted from the perceived divine purpose for individual acts and objects. Situation ethics is based on four
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134 Innovative Marketing‚ Volume 2‚ Issue 2‚ 2006 SITUATION ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC PLANNING: AN EMPIRICAL CASE STUDY IN THE UK BEVERAGE INDUSTRY Demetris Vrontis‚ Alkis Thrassou Abstract Marketing planning is a key function for marketing oriented organisations. The following paper has been compiled in order to develop a marketing plan for a soft drink beverage company. Though out this case‚ it is illustrated that the stages in planning process are interrelated and cannot work in isolation
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Business Situation 1 1. Summarize the factors which you believe would cause an explosive demand for the new tea by using the economic factors that drive the demand for any product. According to Hubbard and O’Brien (2013) the market demand is the demand by all consumers of a given good or service (p. 76). Variables that drive market demand include: price‚ income‚ prices of related goods‚ tastes‚ population and demographics‚ and expected future prices. The law of demand is‚ holding everything
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Family/Relationship Issues We are living in a society where technology is everything. We are becoming dependent on technology‚ to look something up‚ to communicate with others‚ do assignments or jobs and when we don’t have those things‚ we are in a panic mode where we don’t know how to function without technology anymore. Technology is causing problems such as technostress‚ technophobia‚ internet isolation and addiction‚ which then leads into family and other relationship issues. What is technostress
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How the Leather Industry Handles a Specific Operations Management Issues Operations management is the field which is concerned with organizing and executing physical and technical activities of a firm. These actions are conducted by a combination of raw materials and processing or assembling the various components‚ using the services of workers‚ machines‚ tools and power. It is a typical integration of many different functions. Operations management plans normally include instructions in principle
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Pakistan’s Banking Sector Current Situation and Critical Issues ISHRAT HUSAIN Pakistan’s banking sector reforms which were initiated in the early 1990s have transformed the sector into an efficient‚ sound and strong banking system. The most recent comprehensive assessment carried out jointly by the World Bank and the IMF in 2004 came to the following conclusion: “ for reaching reforms have resulted in a more efficient and competitive financial system In particular‚ the predominantly
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Relevant Costs for Decision Making Solutions to Questions 13-1 A relevant cost is a cost that differs in total between the alternatives in a decision. 13-2 An incremental cost (or benefit) is the change in cost (or benefit) that will result from some proposed action. An opportunity cost is the benefit that is lost or sacrificed when rejecting some course of action. A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and that cannot be changed by any future decision. 13-3 No. Variable costs are relevant
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1. Environmental Hazards: The pollutants that business industry dumps into the environment are more than just ugly nuisance; they are killers. For example‚ air pollution has been found to be related to deaths from bronchitis‚ heart disease‚ as well as emphysema‚ and several types of cancers. Studies by the American lung Association have concluded that between 50 to 120‚000 thousand deaths a year are linked to the air pollution that are disbursed by air from manufacturing companies. Ant there is
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