vertical relationships are attachments to those who have greater knowledge or social power e.g. a child and their parent. Schaffer (2007) stated that both horizontal and vertical relationships influence development in later life as vertical relationships provide children with security and protection enabling them to gain knowledge and skills whilst horizontal relationships have important contexts for development and learning. In this study
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The rise of Attachment Theory in the 20th Century tries to explain the behaviors typical of young children. A securely attached child is “likely to have advantages in most cultures studied” (Music‚ p. 69). Childhood Attachment can be best thought of as the methods and manners in which infants and caregivers connect with one another. This presumes that the caregiver and infant have at least one mechanism of connecting with one another. In a family without physiological or mental impairment‚ this
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John Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is a strong and emotional bond that develops over time between two individuals that is reciprocal. 1. THE THEORY * Bowlby’s theory suggests that attachment is evolutionary and is needed to aid survival. * He did observational research to link orphans with psychological damage. * Babies are helpless and rely on adults. They make instinctive decisions because they haven’t actually learnt anything yet. Bowlby said that babies must be genetically programmed
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Extended Essay Psychology Attachment during infancy and its role on child’s development Introduction In all countries‚ despite the differences in cultures and beliefs‚ it is inevitable for infants to develop a bond with who takes care of them. Unlike children who are older who can communicate through speaking to express their feelings‚ infants use other ways such as crying or whining or clinging as their means of communication. Whether the child’s caregiver pays close attention to
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Outline and Evaluate research into types of attachment (12 marks) Ainsworth ‘Strange Situation’ study aim was to investigate what type of attachment the infants had to their caregiver. Therefore‚ Ainsworth used 12 to 18 months infants in an experiment to test this. Ainsworth had several conditions to allow the observer to identify what reaction the infants are showing and hence‚ which attachment type. In a play area room‚ the infant and mother spent some time playing‚ suddenly the mother leaves
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One study of eyewitness testimony (EWT) was by Loftus and Palmer. Their aim was to see whether asking leading questions had any effect on recall. The method used was a laboratory experiment and had two parts to it. The first was showing participants (Ppts) 7 films of car accidents. Participants were then asked questions‚ including “How fast were the cars travelling when they **** each other?” The asterisks were then replaced with a different verb‚ including “smashed” and “hit.” The second part
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Exploring and Applying Attachment Theory Ashly Peterson University of Southern Queensland Exploring and Applying Attachment Theory According to Bowlby’s (1969) attachment theory‚ an adaptive‚ enduring bond exists between mothers and infants that ensures an infant’s physical and emotional survival. This Darwin-based theory states that infants are innately equipped with social releasers‚ such as crying or cooing‚ to gain their mother’s attention and comfort in real or perceived situations of
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Development: Attachment Theory and Environmental Impacts on Development The pioneers of the attachment theory who are fundamentally responsible for our present understanding of children and what drives human relationships are psychiatrist John Bowlby (1969) and his colleague‚ Mary Ainsworth (1989)‚ a developmental psychologist who further elaborated on the theory. The theory was based mainly on ethology‚ the study of the advanced behaviour of numerous species in their natural habitat. Bowlby drew his
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Evolutionary Theory of Attachment The evolutionary explanation of attachments was first developed by Bowlby. He said that an attachment is biological and crucial for survival as it ensures the infant is cared for due to the reciprocal nature of attachment. Bowlby also said that both infants and carers are innately programmed with the ability to make attachments and that Bowlby believes in monotropy‚ the belief that a child can only create an attachment with one primary caregiver only and this
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Which theory have I decided to explain further on? I chose Attachment theory because it focuses on the relationships and bonds between people‚ particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child and romantic partners. British psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist who was interested in defining attachment as a close emotional bond that children experience when separated from their primary caregivers typically‚ the mother. (Brentano) Attachment theory
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