ASPECTS OF EUROPEAN LAW (2LAW0043) DATE - 16th March 2010 ‘The useful effect of a directive would be weakened if individuals were prevented from relying on it before their national courts...’ Van Duyn v Home Office (Case 41/74) Discuss the above statement in the light of the doctrine of direct effect and the later doctrines developed by the ECJ. In order to discuss the above statement‚ this essay is build up in three parts. The first will describe the nature
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To what extent have pressure groups changed in recent years? A pressure group is an organised group that seeks to influence government policy‚ public opinions or protect or advance a particular cause or interest. Groups may promote a specific issue and raise it up the political agenda‚ represent a particular section in society or they may have more general political and ideological objectives in mind when they campaign. In this essay I am going to analyse the significant changes in the nature
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Statistics definitions Bias-Bias is a term which refers to how far the average statistic lies from the parameter it is estimating‚ that is‚ the error which arises when estimating a quantity. Errors from chance will cancel each other out in the long run‚ those from bias will not. Primary data-Data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience. Secondary data-Published data and the data collected in the past or other parties Qualitative data-Qualitative methods are ways of collecting
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EUROPEAN COLONIES IN ASIA BRITISH EMPIRE IN ASIA • The British Empire comprised the colonies‚ protectorates‚ and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. • At its height‚ it was the largest empire in history and‚ for over a century‚ was the foremost global power. • At the peak of its power it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories
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GEO-101-004 Dr. Hellrigel European Union & Supranationalism The European Union is an economic and political union started by six countries in 1950 and now up to 27 different countries. Supranationalism is a voluntary association in economic‚ political‚ or cultural spheres of three or more independent states willing to yield some measure of sovereignty for their mutual benefits. (Regions pg.56) These are two major modern transformations for Europe‚ which link up with each other because of
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who ends up killing her male companion‚ Homer Barron. A motive is not stated by the narrator‚ but when read critically a motive can be found. Several Literary critics have proposed different motives of why Emily Grierson killed Homer Barron. Some say that Homer was going to jilt Emily. Although homer was the not the marrying type‚ there is no evidence that homer was going to leave her. Another motive was that homer was gay. This motive was taken out of context; homer enjoyed being a bachelor‚
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The Structure of the European Union European Union policies are divided into three main areas‚ called pillars. I. the European Community-at the heart of the EC is the single market with its four basic freedom ( free movement of goods‚ free movement of workers‚ freedom to provide services and free movement of capital and payment) and its rules on competition. Policy areas for which the Community is responsible is: international trade‚ development assistance‚ monetary policy‚ agriculture
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EUROPEAN JUSTICE SYSTEM The justice system consists of three categories: the law enforcement officers‚ the criminal justice system‚ and the court system. The duties of the officers are to combat and prevent crime. They must apprehend anyone who has broken the law that was written by the legislators. Secondly‚ the criminal justice system is a system that develops a way to maintain social control and justifying crimes. They also sanction those who have broken the law with necessary criminal
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About ten years ago‚ European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) underwent a major change. Rather than setting a price floor on agricultural products‚ now CAP directly subsidises farmers. Subsidies may be a flat rate payment for maintaining land in cultivatable conditions (currently around £250 per hectare in England)‚ or may depend on the land’s crop in a given past year‚ which is taken as reference point (as in Scotland). Discuss the effects of such a policy move. European Common Agricultural
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However‚ when King Leopold began his expedition to africa‚ the area was occupied by a vast amount diverse groups of people‚ but predominantly‚ the Bantu migrants which settled in the vastly resourceful land near lake Tanganyika. This immensely resourceful land was in the forefront of various european ‘explorers’ missions into Africa. This notion is immensely‚ relevant when discussing the motives behind King Leopold’s mission to Africa (mainly central)‚ King Leopold claimed that his mission to establish
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