Wang Experiment #4 Recrystallization of Pure Phthalic Acid‚ Benzoic Acid and Napthalene Introduction Recrystallization is a important method in purifying organic compounds which are solid. It is an effective method that is important to be familiar with that is essential in the industrial chemical world. This experiment will allow students to be familiarized with the technique of recrystallization by working with phtalic acid‚ benzoic acid and naphthalene from appropriate organic solvents. Experimental
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Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) are fats that are required by the human body‚ but cannot be made by the body; therefore they must be obtained from external forces such as food. EFAs are the building blocks of all fats and oils and are required for both metabolic processes and for fuel. EFAs form the main component in the fats carried in our blood stream (triglycerides)‚ fats stored in our bodies and of cell membranes (phospholipids). (Erasmus‚ 1993)‚ (Wikipedia‚ Essential Fatty Acids‚ 2012) Two fundamental
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Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Synthesis Telow‚ AJV Sumicad‚ CJ‚ Tavanlar‚ EMMT‚ Chem 40.1‚ Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines Los Baños I. Introduction Organic synthesis is the process where a desired organic compound is constructed or prepared from commercially available materials. The objective of organic synthesis is to design the simplest synthetic routes to a molecule. Aspirin‚ also known as acetylsalicylic acid is as salicylate drug often used as analgesic
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Aqueous Acid/Base Chemistry Resources: Harris ‘Quantitative Chemical Analysis’ Review: Pure water has a pH = 7 Autodissociation: H2O (( H3O+ + OH- K = [H3O+][OH-]/[H2O] -log[H3O+] = 7 [H3O+] = 10-7 M = [OH-] [H2O] = 55.56 M K = 1.8 x 10-16 ; pKa = 15.74 pKa is the acid dissociation constant; low pKa (strong acid‚ high pKa (weak acid we can also write Kw = [H3O+][OH-] Kw = 10-14 In water‚ pH + pOH = 14 pH scale Strong
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of Shikimic Acid‚ intermediate for the production of Oseltamivir‚ the Avian Flu drug Supervised by: Dr. Reza Yegani Dr. Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh Mr. Habibollah Ramezanzade by: Kaveh Yazdifard Presented on: 1385/10/3 Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Shikimic Acid & its Natural Properties Derivatives of Shikimic Acid Avian Flu Sickness‚ Medications Oseltamivir and Shikimic Acid’s Role in Synthesis Production of Shikimic Acid Extracting Shikimic Acid from the Plant
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Acids And BAses Acids And BAses 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Theories of acids and bases Properties of acids and bases Strong and weak acids & bases The pH scale Calculations involving acids and bases (AHL) Buffer solutions (AHL) Salt hydrolysis (AHL) Acid-base titrations (AHL) Indicators (AHL) 8 8.1 THeORies OF Acids And BAses 8.1.1 Define acids and bases according to the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories. 8.1.2 Deduce whether or not a species could act as a Brønsted–Lowry
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dew‚ or dry particles. • more accurate term is "acid precipitation." • defined as any type of precipitation with a pH that is unusually low The Causes: • occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere‚ undergo chemical transformations and are absorbed by water droplets in clouds • then fall to earth as rain‚ snow‚ mist‚ dry dust‚ hail‚ or sleet. • Dissolved carbon dioxide dissociates to form weak carbonic acid giving a pH of approximately 5.6 at typical atmospheric
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The acid-base titration curves help to find the pKa‚ Ka‚ and pH at equivalent point. At the beginning pH for HCl is 1.90 which is lower than the 3.28 for acetic acid; thus‚ strong acid (HCl) means lower pH and weak acid (acetic acid) means higher pH. Then at the equivalent point for the titration HCl-NaOH the pH is 7‚ which mans that is neutral‚ in other words there are enough NaOH mmol to neutralize the HCl mmol present; also‚ the solution contains only water and NaCl the salt derived from the titration
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acidification is the build up of hydrogen ions(H+)‚ reducing the pH‚ therefore the soil becomes too acidic. The donor can be an acid‚ such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid.The addition of the acids can be due to acid rain and pollution. Many nitrogen compounds‚ which are added as fertilizer‚ also acidify soil over the long term because they produce nitrous and nitric acid when oxidized in the process of nitrification. Acidification also occurs when base cations such as calcium‚ magnesium‚ potassium
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Citric acid cycle From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search [pic] [pic] Overview of the citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)‚ the Krebs cycle‚ or the Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle‚ [1][2] — is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions‚ which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In eukaryotic cells‚ the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion
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