Lecture Notes on Introductory Statistics‚ I (P.P. Leung) Lecture notes are based on the following textbook: N.A. Weiss (2012)‚ Introductory Statistics‚ 9th edition‚ Pearson. Chapter 1 The Nature of Statistics 統計本質 §1.1 Two kinds of Statistics §1.4 Other Sampling Designs (其他抽樣方法) Chapter 1 The Nature of Statistics 統計本質 What is Statistics? 何謂統計? From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopaedia: Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection‚ analysis‚ interpretation
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Concepts 1. What is Inferential statistics? Inferential statistics uses observations of past occurrences or available data i.e. descriptive statistics to make decisions about future possibilities and/or the nature of the entire body of data. Inferential statistics draws conclusions or makes interpretations‚ predictions and inferences about a population based upon an analysis of a sample. 2. Give 2 different techniques which are used in descriptive statistics to represent the data. Tables or
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Statistics is the study of the collection‚ organization‚ analysis‚ interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. Descriptive statistics is the discipline of quantitatively describing the main features of a collection of information‚ or the quantitative description itself. Descriptive statistics are distinguished from inferential statistics (or inductive statistics)‚ in that
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DECLARATION This is to certify that project titled “Consumer Perceived value in Fine Dining Restaurants” is an original work of the student and is being submitted in fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor’s Degree in Business Studies of Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business studies‚ University of Delhi. This report has not been submitted earlier either to this college or to any other university/ college for the fulfillment of the requirement of a course of study. She has successfully
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vital statistics of populations studied probability through games of chance‚ gambling | 18th Century | Laplace‚ Gauss | normal curve‚ regression through study of astronomy | 19th Century | Quetelet Galton | astronomer who first applied statistical analyses to human biologystudied genetic variation in humans(used regression and correlation) | 20th Century (early) | PearsonGossett (Student) Fisher | studied natural selection using correlation‚ formed first academic department of statistics‚ Biometrika
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Lecture 1. Descriptive statistics includes statistical procedures that we use to describe the population we are studying. The data could be collected from either a sample or a population‚ but the results help us organize and describe data. Descriptive statistics can only be used to describe the group that is being studying. That is‚ the results cannot be generalized to any larger group. Inferential statistics is concerned with making predictions or inferences about a population from observations
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Millar Biology statistics made simple using Excel Biology statistics made simple using Excel Neil Millar Spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel can transform the use of statistics in A-level science Statistics is an area that most A-level biology students (and their teachers!) find difficult. The formulae are often complicated‚ the calculations tedious‚ degrees of freedom mysterious‚ and probability tables confusing. But in fact students need no longer grapple with any of these.
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The Case for Local and Regional Food Marketing SUMMARY Communities across the United States are enjoying healthier food grown by local farmers; and farmers are reaping better returns and helping to revitalize rural and urban communities by selling close to home instead of through distant markets. Local marketing has expanded beyond farmers’ markets and farmstands‚ although these are still popular and the number of US farmers’ markets is growing rapidly. New regional supply networks are
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junk foods * Fairly obvious calcium‚ vitamins and minerals * reduction of disease risk Perceptual benefits: * quality/ price * social standing/nice packaging Usage rate: Hourly-basis‚ daily-basis‚ weekly basis. User status: Non-user‚ regular user Loyalty status: None‚ medium‚ strong Targeting After the practice of segmentation‚ we sum up our target consumer is educated female that include university students‚ professional working female and housewife. National foods will
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Organization of Terms Experimental Design Descriptive Inferential Population Parameter Sample Random Bias Statistic Types of Variables Graphs Measurement scales Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Qualitative Quantitative Independent Dependent Bar Graph Histogram Box plot Scatterplot Measures of Center Spread Shape Mean Median Mode Range Variance Standard deviation Skewness Kurtosis Tests of Association Inference Correlation Regression Slope y-intercept
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