BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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the concentration of the acid solution changes the rate of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal. • As the metal reacts with the acid‚ hydrogen gas is produced and the metal dissolves. To get an estimate of the rate of reaction‚ the time taken for a small piece of magnesium ribbon to dissolve (disappear) can be measured. This is a “clock reaction” and the reaction rate is proportional to 1/time taken SAFETY Dilute hydrochloric acid is harmful. Wear safety spectacles
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Lab #2 Determination of Density Britney Williams Chemistry 121 Dr. Yu 1/29/13 Purpose: To determine the densities of aluminum and zinc cylinders Density is the relationship between the mass of an object and its volume. Sometimes density can be easy to sense. If two objects have exactly the same shape and size‚ the denser one may feel heavier. If their densities are close together‚ it can be hard to tell the difference. It gets really tough if you are dealing with materials that have very different
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structures and properties of amino acids know the groups of amino acid What are amino acids? Amino acids are molecules that when combined with each other proteins. Amino acids contain a central tetrahedral carbon atom (α-carbon) amine group‚ carboxyl group‚ R-side chain The R-side chain determines the different amino acids There are 20 common amino acids Amino acids can join via peptide bonds Several amino acids occur only rarely in proteins Some amino acids are not found in proteins 3D
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significant bonuses is a way to keep your best people from looking elsewhere for a job. 3. Bonuses are usually determined as a percentage of annual salary‚ though giving all employees the same monetary bonus is also an option Eligibility and determination of bonus Every employee shall be entitled to be paid by his employer in an accounting year‚ bonus‚ in accordance with the provisions of this Act‚ provided he has worked in the establishment for not less than thirty working days in that year.
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Stereochemistry of Butenedioic Acid Objective: To study the interconversion of two geometric isomers‚ maleic acid (cis isomer) to fumaric acid (trans isomers)‚ the differences in physical properties between this pair of cis-trans isomers and determine the stereochemistry of addition of bromine to butenedioic acid. Chemicals and Apparatus: 2 grams of maleic acid‚ 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ 10 cm3 of bromine water[1]‚ one 50 cm3 beaker‚ one 100 cm3 beaker‚ one 250 cm3
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Wang Experiment #4 Recrystallization of Pure Phthalic Acid‚ Benzoic Acid and Napthalene Introduction Recrystallization is a important method in purifying organic compounds which are solid. It is an effective method that is important to be familiar with that is essential in the industrial chemical world. This experiment will allow students to be familiarized with the technique of recrystallization by working with phtalic acid‚ benzoic acid and naphthalene from appropriate organic solvents. Experimental
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Profit Determination Prepared by John Hoggett and Clare Innes Measurement of Profit • Cash basis • Cash income received - Cash expenses paid – Revenues recorded when received – Expenses recorded when paid • Accrual basis • Profit = Income (incl. Revenues) - Expenses – Revenue is recognised when the anticipated inflow of economic benefit can be reliably measured – Expenses when the consumption of benefits can be reliably measured 2 Adjusting Entries • The need for adjusting entries-
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Tittle: Determination of moisture Objectives: 1. To determine the moisture content of selected food samples using drying oven method 2. To determine the moisture content of selected food samples using moisture analyzer. Introduction: Moisture content is one of the most commonly measured properties of food materials. The choice of an analytical procedure for a particular application depends on the nature of the food being analyzed and the reason the information is needed. In this experiment
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Free will Vs Determination Do you make your own choices or your destiny has been decided for you by circumstances behind your control? For thousands of years‚ this question has puzzled philosophers‚ scientist and anyone who thinks about how they choose to act and live. Part of the complexity of the matter is related to the metaphysical nature of the subject which has a close affinity with the concept of GOD. Some people think that "Everything" that happens in nature and life
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