Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness By Nick Williams CHM 152 Lab dates: Aug 28th 2013 Dr. Weide Abstract: When a polyatomic ligand with multiple lone pairs of electrons available for bonding to a central metal ion forms a complex with a metal ion‚ a process known as chelation takes place. Metal ion impurities can be found by using disodium salt of EDTA to determine the concentration of M2+ by complexometric or chelometric titration. Erichrome Black T makes it easy to see
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MANUAL COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Introduction Complex ions When a neutral molecule or anion (a Lewis base) donates electron pairs and attaches itself to a metal ion center (a Lewis acid)‚ the resulting cluster‚ or complex‚ of atoms becomes a single complex ion. When such complexes form‚ the electron donating groups (called ligands) form coordinate covalent bonds through empty orbitals on the metal ion. An example appears in
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Explanatory Essay: Bottled Water or Tap Water? There are articles‚ flyers‚ and even books out in the market that try to persuade people to either use bottled water or tap water. While many believe that tap water is more beneficial to the body‚ others believe that the convenience and advertising of purified bottled water is acceptable enough for themselves. As we consume water‚ we concern ourselves with issues such as if it is harmful to the environment‚ if it is harmful to our health and whether
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People from other countries can not safely drink tap water like people from America can. Bottled water is better than tap water. Tap water is dirty. Bottled water has a refreshing taste that tap water does not have. Bottled water also has a convenient bottle that people can take anywhere. No one can trust tap water like they can trust bottled water. Bottled water has been filtered many times before it is produced. Without filtering our water to perfection‚ no one can know what is in it. There
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Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness. Abstract: Using complexometric method of calculating water hardness‚ an EDTA solution was made and calculated to be around .00209M. This EDTA solution was then used to titrate a water sample with unknown hardness. The sample used was sample #18. The hardness of the sample was calculated to be 180505 ppm. This is within normal levels for the Mesa area. Introduction: This experiment focuses on titration with EDTA. Titration
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Introduction A complex ion consists of a metal ion with Lewis bases attached to it. These Lewis bases form strong coordinate covalent bonds with the central complex ion in which both electrons of the bond are donated by the Lewis base. The Lewis bases that form this complex are referred to as ligands and they are typically either neutral molecules or anions. Polydentate ligands have multiple lone pairs of electrons that enable them to bond multiple atoms to the central metal atom. The stability
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Is tap water in the U.S. safe to drink? Every one knows that we need water to live. Water is very important to human body; it is consider that human body consists on average of 55-60 percent of water (Martino). In the United States there are two different ways of getting potable water‚ the bottle and the tap water. Tap water is cheap and its very accessible‚ many would argue that is not safe to drink it. However‚ tap water in the U.S. is safe due to their public water treatment systems‚ it is
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Tap Water Pros and Cons Pros | Cons | Monitored and regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). | Some water is carried in lead pipes from utility companies to homes‚ which means lead can leach from pipes into the water. | Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SWDA)of 1996 have made drinking water safer. | The EPA allows tap water to have 10 parts per billion (ppb) of arsenic in it‚ although scientists now know there is no safe level of arsenic. | Numerous tests are conducted
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Water has polarity. Polarity is the uneven distribution of charge. Water has cohesion‚ adhesion‚ and heat capacity. Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substances. Adhesion is the force of attraction between molecules of a different substances. Heat capacity is the amount of heat it takes to raise temperature of a substance. The experiment displayed shows water can have adhesion and cohesion. The hypothesis of this experiment is if a nonpolar substance is added to water
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thing about tap water is cheap and readily available. All you have to do is go to the kitchen and turn on the faucet whenever you’d like. If you’re out in a public place‚ you’re never too far from a bathroom or a drinking fountain. Some of the cons of tap water is that a lot of “experts” and authority figures will tell you that it’s perfectly safe to drink. According to the caparison chart‚ tap water contains chlorine and fluoride. Tap water is part of a indoor plumbing system where water is delivered
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