Evolution Unit: Objectives AP Biology Upon the completion of the textbook readings in Chapters 22-26 you should be able to: Chapter 22 1. Explain how the principle of gradualism and Charles Lyell’s theory of uniformitarianism influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution. The basic idea of natural selection is that a population of organisms can change over the generations if individuals having certain heritable traits leave more offspring than other individuals. The result of natural selection
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experiment‚ students put the Hardy-Weinberg theory to the test. Out of the five assumptions‚ only two were conducted in the experiment‚ Natural Selection and Mutation. For those that do not know‚ the Hardy-Weinberg Equation is used to determine genotype and allele frequencies in a population. After collecting the data from the controlled experiment‚ it is believed that one of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium will decrease the allele frequencies for each generation. Methods During
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mother’s voices. Science‚ 208‚ 1174-1176. 2. McLeod‚ S. A. (2007). Nature Nurture in Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html 3. Scarr‚ S. & McCartney‚ K. (1983). How people make their own environments. A theory of genotype influences environment effects. Child Development‚ 54‚ 424-435.
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Large genetic variations in its maturity group help in its wide adaptation for different environments and cropping systems. In general‚ short-duration genotype of pigeonpea grown as sole crop while medium and long duration genotype are habitually cultivated as intercrop or mixed crop with other short duration cereals and legumes crop species. Apart from this‚ its main use as de-hulled split peas‚ its juvenile seeds and pods are also consumed
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Introduction On average Americans eat 627 lbs. of dairy products each year (“USDA ERS - Dairy Data‚” n.d.). When consumed the principle carbohydrate in dairy‚ lactose a disaccharide sugar‚ is either digested in the small intestine by lactase or is passed to the large intestine where it is broken down by bacteria. The lactose disaccharide is composed of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose. Lactase in an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose into its two monosaccharides in a hydrolysis
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4.3 Theoretical genetics 4.3.1 Define genotype‚ phenotype‚ dominant allele‚ recessive allele‚ co-dominant alleles‚ locus‚ homozygous‚ heterozygous‚ carrier and test cross * Genotype- the alleles of an organism * Phenotype- the characteristics of an organism * Dominant allele- an allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state * Recessive allele- an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the
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BIOL 323-02 TTH 12pm-2pm Drosophila melanogaster: Monohybrid Cross & Sex-Linked Inheritance October 6‚ 2012 Abstract This lab involved a monohybrid reciprocal cross and a sex-linked cross utilizing Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. After sexing the flies‚ placing them in media‚ and letting them cross breed‚ we analyzed and recorded the phenotypes that were observed. The P1 flies were anesthetized then sexed by observing their phenotypes and equally distributed
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Homologous Chromosomes and Sister Chromatids (HC and SC): Clearly distinguish between HC and SC pairs. Your answer should include the following: a clear distinction between ‘chromatin’ and ‘chromosome’‚ and how this difference affects gene expression; simple line diagrams to illustrate the difference between non-replicated and replicated DNA inchromatin and chromosome forms; afull description of both HC and SC with a labeled diagram that includes gene/allele sequences for a heterozygote and ‘m’
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DNA. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. These are similar aromatic neterocyclic organic compounds. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? I genotype is the genes present in your body. It is the organism’s full hereditary information. The phenotype is the composite organisms observable characteristics are traits. The genotypes are transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA)‚ wearing these molecules that can be generic information from DNA to the ribosome‚ an example
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The Polymerase Chain Reaction and Determination of Alu Population Freqencies Porshia Gibbs April 8‚ 2010 Genetics Laboratory Abstract Cheek cells were extrapolated and used in PCR amplification and electrophoresis of the amplified samples to determine the presence or absence of the dimorphic Alu sequence in a class population. A bioinformatic allele server was then employed to calculate genotypic and allelic frequencies of the Alu element in the class population. The Hardy-Weinberg equation
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