Subject: Biology Topic: Asexual reproduction stifles potential change Reproduction is “the act or process of reproducing; specifically: the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring and which fundamentally consists of the segregation of a portion of the parental body by a sexual or asexual process and its subsequent growth and differentiation into a new individual”‚ as stated by the Merriam- Webster English Dictionary. Sexual reproduction is a process whereby the female gamete
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Sex determination in plants Summary- Evolutionary transitions happened gradually from hermaphroditism to monoec in which multiple sex determining genes are involved which include male-sterility and female-sterility factors. There should not be any recombination between different loci which is the pivotal reason for the genetic degeneration of Y chromosomes. There are several theories attached to Y chromosome degeneration that are reviewed recently . Introduction: why are plant sex chromosomes
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Introduction A leader is defined as a person with the ability to influence and guide a group of people to accomplish a common goal. In simple words‚ a leader is someone who is followed by the people. There are different types of leaders and various leadership theories which may help to understand the characteristics of a leader and also the leadership process. Thus‚ the most basic and commonly asked question that arises is- Are leaders born or made? Leadership Theories Trait Theories According to
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INTRODUCTION TO DROSOPHILA GENETICS DROSOPHILA CULTURE We will study basic principles of Mendelian inheritance with the use of the fruit fly‚ Drosophila melanogaster [the name means “black-bodied fruit-lover”]. Drosophila was one of the first organisms to be studied genetically: its small size‚ short life cycle (10 ~14 days at 25oC)‚ high reproductive rate (an adult female can lay 400-500 eggs in 10 days)‚ and ease of culture and genetic manipulation have made it perhaps the best understood animal
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this knowledge we can then understand how a gene is passed down through its generations and why it would appear in one individual and not in another. The experiment also helps give a better understanding of genotypes and phenotypes and what role they play in determining and predicting a genotype. Hypothesis Null: The wingless mutation is autosomal recessive Alternative: the wingless mutation is sex-linked The Life Cycle of Drosophila The eggs: The eggs are small‚ oval shaped‚ and
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result in insecticide resistance: some insects carry trait of resistance in their genes Processes in Microevolution -Mutation -Non-random mating -Genetic Drift -Natural Selection -Gene Flow Hardy-Weinburg Theorem: Frequencies of alleles and genotypes are preserved from generation to generation in populations that are not evolving -p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Hardy-Weinburg tells us that we will never get rid of bad genes and it’s used to figure how gene populations change over time The Hardy-Weinberg
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pattern baldness. Their son has a daughter who also develops pattern baldness. They determine that her expression of this trait is not a symptom of a medical condition. If her mother does not have pattern baldness‚ the daughter’s genotype is ________ and her mother’s genotype is _____________. - BB‚ Bb If a pink snapdragon is self-fertilized‚ the offspring are red‚ pink‚ or white. What type of inheritance pattern does flower color exhibit in this example? * incomplete dominance Which of the
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thus allowing for cancerous cells to spread and develop over most areas of the body and affect the genotype. Retinoblastoma affects one
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Gregor Mendel wondered is his principle of segregation worked with individuals who differed in two traits. To test this‚ Mendel crossed pure lined round‚ yellow seeds with pure lined wrinkled‚ green seeds. He predicted that the F_1 offspring would be heterozygous for both genes. Experiments had established that the allele for yellow seeds were the dominant allele (Y) and green seeds were the recessive allele (y). There were two different ways as to how seed shape and seed color would be passed onto
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In my lab experimentation‚ all of the parent generation‚ or flies I started with‚ were wild-type or mutant phenotypically‚ but their genotypes were unknown. However‚ after I mated these flies and they produced offspring‚ the parental genotypes could be hypothesized based on phenotypic observations and ratios of the F1 and F2 generations. I then could check my observations by testing it using the Chi squared (X2) test. A. Miniature Wings – (Sex-Linked Recessive) To determine the inheritance of
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