Examination of Water and Wastewater 5210 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)*#(1) 5220 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)*#(2) 5220 A. Introduction Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is defined as the amount of a specified oxidant that reacts with the sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxidant consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalence. Because of its unique chemical properties‚ the dichromate ion (Cr2O72–) is the specified oxidant in Methods Section 5220B‚ Section
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GROUP 1 REPORT FINANCIAL RATIOS Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firm’s performance and financial situation. Most ratios can be calculated from information provided by the financial statements. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firm’s financials to those of other firms. In some cases‚ ratio analysis can predict future bankruptcy. SOURCES OF DATA FOR FINANCIAL RATIOS Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Retained
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Profitability Ratios Profitability Ratios attempt to measure the firm’s success in generating income. These ratios reflect the combined effects of the firm’s asset and debt management. Profit Margin The Profit Margin indicates the dollars in income that the firm earns on each dollar of sales. This ratio is calculated by dividing Net Income by Sales. Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) The Return on Assets Ratio indicates the dollars in income earned by the firm on its assets
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Ratio analysis 1. Liquidity ratio The liquidity ratios measure the company’s ability to meet its short-term debt obligations (Intermediate accounting- Kieso‚ D.E.‚ J.J. Weygandt and T.D. Warfield). These ratios include current ratios‚ quick ratios‚ and cash ratio. Current ratio: the current ratio of GM has increased from 1.29 in 2012 to 1.30 in 2013. With a higher ratio in 2013‚ it’s better for GM to meet its short-term obligation. Quick ratio: the quick ratio of GM has improved from 0.79 in 2012
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Diamond Chemicals: Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects [pic] Group 5 Edi Suryanto Gressiadi Muslim M Fahmiansyah Rudianto Nugroho Wibowo Kristianto MAGISTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY 2011 Diamond Chemicals: Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects Diamond Chemicals is a leading producer of polypropylene‚ the polymer used in a variety of products (ranging from medical products to packaging film‚ carpet fibers
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* Findings and Analysis: Liquidity Ratio 1. Current Ratio: A company’s current assets divided by its current liabilities is known as the Current Ratio. This ratio is regarded as a measure of short-term debt paying ability. It measures the capability to obsolete the current liability with comparing to current asset by how many times. The equation is- Current Ratio = Current AssetCurrent Liability * The general rule of thumb calls for a current ratio of at least 2:1. If it is greater than
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What is Nova Chemical’s strategy? How do the various divisions relate to the firm’s overall strategy? Industry analysts are expecting high growth rates for specialty chemicals of 10-15%. As a result‚ Nova Chemical has a 5 year strategy that focuses on development of the company’s two specialty chemicals divisions: the Laboratory Products Division (LPD) and‚ more substantially‚ the Environmental Products Division (EPD). Investment will focus on the company’s EPD division through expansion
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on assets
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140994501 Jigar Ajmera - 140249021 1. Executive Summary This report is a summary of the comparison of ratio analysis of two companies Morrisons Plc. and Sainsbury Plc. for the accounting period 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. It focuses basically on various ratios such as Profitability Ratio‚ Liquidity Ratio‚ Gearing Ratio‚ Efficiency Ratio and Investors Ratio. This ratios will give us an overview of the companys financial performance of Morrison and Sainsbury and will even help us to compare
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The Golden Ratio Body‚ art‚ music‚ architecture‚ nature – all connected by a simple irrational number – the Golden Ratio. According to Posamentier & Lehmann in their work The (Fabulous) Fibonacci Numbers‚ there is reason to believe that the letter φ (phi) was used because it is the first letter of the name of the celebrated Greek sculptor Phidias (490-430 BCE). He produced the famous statue of Zeus in the Temple of Olympia and supervised the construction of the Parthenon in Athens
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