Research Paper Capital structure and financing decision - Evidence from the four Asian Tigers and Japan Kuang-Hua Hsu1* and Ching-Yu Hsu2 1 Department of Finance‚ Chaoyang University of Technology‚ Taiwan‚ Republic of China 168 Jifong E. Road.‚ Wufong District‚ Taichung City 41349‚ Taiwan‚ Republic of China. 2 Department of Finance‚ National Taiwan University‚ Taiwan‚ R. O. C‚ No.1 Sec. 4‚ Roosevelt Road‚ Taipei‚ 10617‚ Taiwan‚ Republic of China. Accepted 14 June‚ 2011 This paper examines
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Organizational structure An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation‚ coordination and supervision‚ which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims.[1] It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment.[2] Many organizations have hierarchical structures‚ but not all. Organizations are a variant of clustered entities. An organization can be structured in many different
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Organizational structure is the way a business organizes their companies and employees so work and goals can be accomplished on a short and long term basis. They are determined and influenced by certain functions within the organization. These functions include marketing‚ finance‚ human resources‚ and operations. Also to determine the design of the structure for the organization your look at the geographic‚ customer-base‚ products and services offered‚ separate departments‚ and more. In this paper we will
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oligopoly market structure and one of the characteristics of an oligopoly is concentration ration. According to Anheuser-Busch they hold a forty seven percent concentration ratio. With this huge share Anheuser-Busch’s concentration ratio is almost double of the next rival oligopolist. With a number of breweries and distributors spread across the United States Anheuser-Busch has significant control in this market. With companies trying to eliminate competitors and high barriers to entry this market‚ Anheuser-Busch’s
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Introduction) Tax Structure in Malaysia Generally‚ all income of companies and individuals accrued in‚ derived from or remitted to Malaysia are liable to tax. However‚ income remitted to Malaysia by resident companies (other than companies carrying on the business of banking‚ insurance‚ air and sea transportation)‚ non-resident companies and non-resident individuals are exempted from tax. Apart from income tax‚ there are other direct taxes such as real property gains tax‚ and indirect taxes
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Capital Structure In finance‚ the term “capital structure” refers to the way a firm finances its assets. Generally speaking‚ there are two main forms of capital structure: debt financing and equity financing (Cumming 52; Myers‚ 83). Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages‚ and an essential task for the successful manager of a firm is to find an optimal capital structure in terms of risk and reward for stockholders. When making decisions that affect capital structure‚ managers must be
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Organizational Structure By: Brian G. Nordmann August 24‚ 2004 With every business that wants to grow and be profitable comes the inevitable‚ and that is change. Change is part of any organization be it a religious‚ educational‚ familial or our work environment. Without change we would not have walked on the moon‚ broken Olympic records or even have on-line classrooms. Change is not the challenge; it is managing that change as individuals that may be detrimental to the organization. Kurt
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McDonald’s Organizational Structure In 1940‚ Richard and Maurice McDonald opened the first McDonalds Bar-B-Q restaurant in San Bernardino‚ California. McDonalds offered hamburger‚ cheeseburgers‚ soft drinks‚ coffee‚ potato chips‚ and pie‚ which their big seller at that time was their 15-cent hamburger. McDonald’s achievement is constructed on the groundwork of personal and professional integrity. In 1955‚ a businessperson named Ray Kroc purchased the company from Richard and Maurice and began to
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HRM – 300 The decision of which internal pay structure to use and the process used to design it matters greatly to an organization. “Research suggests that attending to the fairness of the design process and the approach chosen‚ is likely to achieve employee and management commitment‚ trust‚ and acceptance of the results” (Milkovich‚ Newman‚ & Gerhart 2011‚ pg.150). There are two types of approaches; job-based and person-based (which is split between skills and competency). Job-based
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thought normal‚ the distinct ways of living; have greatly changed over time. One certain belief that is focused in this paper is family structure‚ the contrast there is between nuclear families and the extended ones. Although the United States has now a dominant structure‚ which is nuclear families‚ it wasn’t always like this. It alone has many different norms of family structure due to differences in socioeconomic status‚ the government‚ religion‚ media‚ culture‚ etc. Moreover‚ do other countries
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